切面编程(环绕通知与前后置通知区别)

时间:2022-07-22
本文章向大家介绍切面编程(环绕通知与前后置通知区别),主要内容包括其使用实例、应用技巧、基本知识点总结和需要注意事项,具有一定的参考价值,需要的朋友可以参考一下。

解决问题

1、拥有前置通知和后置通知的功能,并能解决前置通知和后置通知在共享信息方面的不足(例如:统计切点方法执行时间);

2、在多线程并发条件下,能保证线程安全(因为在一个方法内定义的局部变量);

3、解决代码重复性,降低代码复杂程度;

内容说明

1、以下会给出前置通知、后置通知与环绕通知实例(观众观看表演),通过对比更能理解彼此之间的区别;

2、两者都通过@Component注解,扫描(Audience,Juggler)bean并注册到spring容器中时,需在XML配置文件中引入component-scan(前后置通知:<context:component-scan base-package="com.spring.example.aspectAspectJNoArgs"/> 环绕通知:<context:component-scan base-package="com.spring.example.aspectAround"/>)

3、切面是观众(Audience),切点是节目表演(Performance.perform())        前置通知:在节目表演之前,观众就坐(调用Audience的takeSeats方法),并关掉手机(调用Audience的turnOffCellPhones方法);        后置通知:在节目表演结束,观众鼓掌(调用Audience的applaud方法);        异常通知:节目表演出现异常,观众要求退票(调用Audience的demandRefund方法);

环绕通知:其他与上面相同,只是在节目表演开始与结束时打印时间,统计节目表演时长;

4、通过执行Juggler的perform方法,从而执行切面Audience中相应的方法,达到通知的效果;

应用实例:观众观看表演所做出的相应行为

先列出相关接口以及类代码 

节目表演接口(切点方法)

1 package com.spring.example.aspectAround;
2 
3 /**
4  * Created by weixw on 2017/11/16.
5  */
6 public interface Performer {
7 
8     void perform();
9 }

切点类实现接口Juggler

 1 package com.spring.example.aspectAround;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 4 
 5 /**
 6  * Created by weixw on 2017/11/16.
 7  */
 8 @Component
 9 public class Juggler implements Performer {
10     private int beanBags = 3;
11     public Juggler(){
12 
13     }
14     public Juggler(int beanBags){
15         this.beanBags = beanBags ;
16     }
17     @Override
18     public void perform()  {
19         System.out.println("JUGGLING "+ beanBags + " BEANBAGS");
20         try {
21             Thread.sleep(1);
22         }catch (InterruptedException e){
23             e.printStackTrace();
24         }
25     }
26 
27 
28 }

上述代码都能共用,下面分别列举前后置通知与环绕通知区别代码

前后置通知(通过AspectJ注解实现,注意:<aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>不能少,它实现了切面相关方法绑定在切点上,切点方法执行就能触发相应通知)

XML配置文件:spring/aspect-aspectJnoArgs.xml(放在spring文件夹下)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd  http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--使用前置通知和后置通知唯一方式:在前置通知中记录开始时间,并在后置通知中报告表演耗费的时长,必须保存开始时间。因为Audience是单例,如果像这样保-->
    <!--存状态,会存在线程安全问题;-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.spring.example.aspectAspectJNoArgs"/>
    <aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>
</beans>

前后置通知切面实现类

package com.spring.example.aspectAspectJNoArgs;

import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * Created by weixw on 2017/11/16.
 * 通过AspectJ注解实现切面编程
 * 切点方法 id 默认是所依赖方法(public void performance(){})的小写方法名performance
 */

@Component
@Aspect
public class Audience {
    @Pointcut("execution(* com.spring.example.aspectAspectJNoArgs.Performer.perform(..))") //定义切点
    public void performance(){}
    @Before("performance()")//表演之前
    public void takeSeats(){
        System.out.println("The audience is taking their seats.");
    }
    @Before("performance()")//表演之前
    public void turnOffCellPhones(){
        System.out.println("The audience is turning off their cellphones.");
    }
    @AfterReturning("performance()")//表演之后
    public void applaud(){
        System.out.println("CLAP CLAP CLAP CLAP CLAP ");
    }
    @AfterThrowing("performance()") //表演失败之后
    public void demandRefund(){
        System.out.println("Boo! We want our money back!");
    }
}

环绕通知

XML配置文件:spring/aspect-around.xml(放在spring文件夹下)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd  http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--前置通知和后置通知是在一个方法中实现,所以不需要保存变量值,自然是线程安全的;-->

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.spring.example.aspectAround"/>
    <!--通过component-scan自动扫描,@Component注解将Magician注册到spring容器-->
    <aop:config>
            <!--audience :切面  watchPerformance:切面方法   performance:切点-->
            <aop:aspect ref="audience">
                <aop:pointcut id="performance" expression="execution(* com.spring.example.aspectAround.Performer.perform(..))"/>
                <aop:around pointcut-ref="performance" method="watchPerformance" />
            </aop:aspect>
    </aop:config>
</beans>

环绕通知切面实现类

package com.spring.example.aspectAround;

import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * Created by weixw on 2017/11/16.
 */
@Component
public class Audience {
    public void takeSeats(){
        System.out.println("The audience is taking their seats.");
    }
    public void turnOffCellPhones(){
        System.out.println("The audience is turning off their cellphones.");
    }
    public void applaud(){
        System.out.println("CLAP CLAP CLAP CLAP CLAP");
    }
    public void demandRefund(){
        System.out.println("Boo! We want our money back!");
    }

    public void watchPerformance(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint){
        try{
            takeSeats(); //表演之前
            turnOffCellPhones(); //表演之前
            long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
            System.out.println("The performance start ......");//节目开始
            joinPoint.proceed(); //执行被通知的方法
            System.out.println("The performance end ......");//节目结束
            long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); //表演之后
            applaud();//表演之后
            System.out.println("The performance took milliseconds:"+ (end - start) );//表演时长
        }catch (Throwable t){
            demandRefund(); //表演失败之后
        }
    }
}

测试代码

环绕通知测试代码如下,前后置通知测试代码只需将配置文件名称改成spring/aspect-aspectJnoArgs.xml即可

 1 package com.spring.example.aspectAround;/**
 2  * Created by weixw on 2017/11/16.
 3  */
 4 
 5 import javafx.application.Application;
 6 import javafx.stage.Stage;
 7 import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
 8 import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
 9 
10 public class Driver extends Application {
11 
12     public static void main(String[] args) {
13         launch(args);
14     }
15 
16     @Override
17     public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
18         try {
19 
20 
21             ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring/aspect-around.xml");
22             Performer performer = (Performer) ctx.getBean("juggler");
23             performer.perform();
24 
25         }catch (Exception e){
26             e.printStackTrace();
27         }
28     }
29 }

运行结果

环绕通知结果:

前后置通知结果:

总结

上述列出前后置通知和环绕通知样例。对于有变量缓存需求,线程安全的应用场景,前后置通知实现比较困难,而环绕通知实现就非常容易;