spring之整合Hibernate
spring整合Hibernate整合什么?
1.让IOC容器来管理Hibernate的SessionFactory。
2.让Hibernate使用上spring的声明式事务。
整合步骤:
1.加入Hibernate。
2.加入spring。
3.整合。
一、加入Hibernate
1.加入相应jar包
加入Hibernate所需的依赖包:
将以上包加入到build path。
加入连接数据库所需的依赖包:
将以上包加入到build path。
2.添加Hibernate配置文件:hibernate.cfg.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<!-- 配置Hibernate的 基本属性-->
<!-- 1.数据源需配置到IOC容器中,此处不再需要配置数据源 -->
<!-- 2.关联的.hbm.xml也在IOC容器配置SessionFactory实例时再进行配置 -->
<!-- 3.配置Hibernate的基本属性:方言、SQL显示及格式化,生成数据表的策略以及二级缓存等 -->
<property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</property>
<property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
<property name="hibernate.format_sql">true</property>
<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
<!-- 配置二级缓存相关的属性 -->
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
3.添加实体类以及其hbm配置文件
Account.java
package com.gong.spring.hibernate.entities;
public class Account {
private Integer id;
private String username;
private int balance;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public int getBalance() {
return balance;
}
public void setBalance(int balance) {
this.balance = balance;
}
}
Book.java
package com.gong.spring.hibernate.entities;
public class Book {
private Integer id;
private String bookName;
private String isbn;
private int price;
private int stock;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getBookName() {
return bookName;
}
public void setBookName(String bookName) {
this.bookName = bookName;
}
public String getIsbn() {
return isbn;
}
public void setIsbn(String isbn) {
this.isbn = isbn;
}
public int getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(int price) {
this.price = price;
}
public int getStock() {
return stock;
}
public void setStock(int stock) {
this.stock = stock;
}
}
Account.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- Generated 2020-1-9 11:56:28 by Hibernate Tools 3.5.0.Final -->
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.gong.spring.hibernate.entities.Account" table="SH_ACCOUNT">
<id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer">
<column name="ID" />
<generator class="native" />
</id>
<property name="username" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="USERNAME" />
</property>
<property name="balance" type="int">
<column name="BALANCE" />
</property>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
Book.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- Generated 2020-1-9 11:56:28 by Hibernate Tools 3.5.0.Final -->
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.gong.spring.hibernate.entities.Book" table="SH_BOOK">
<id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer">
<column name="ID" />
<generator class="native" />
</id>
<property name="bookName" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="BOOKNAME" />
</property>
<property name="isbn" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="ISBN" />
</property>
<property name="price" type="int">
<column name="PRICE" />
</property>
<property name="stock" type="int">
<column name="STOCK" />
</property>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
这里需要说明的是table="SH_BOOK"中SH是表的前缀,我们在写hql语句时不用带上,系统会自动识别。
二、加入spring
1.加入相应的jar包
加入spring所需的jar包:
将以上依赖包加入到build path。
2.加入spring配置文件,并进行整合
db.propertites
jdbc.user=root
jdbc.password=123456
jdbc.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql:///spring
jdbc.initPoolSize=5
jdbc.maxPoolSize=10
applicationContex.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">
<!-- 配置自动扫描的包 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.gong.spring.hibernate"></context:component-scan>
<!-- 配置数据源 -->
<!-- 导入资源文件 -->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/>
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}"></property>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"></property>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.jdbcUrl}"></property>
<property name="initialPoolSize" value="${jdbc.initPoolSize}"></property>
<property name="maxPoolSize" value="${jdbc.maxPoolSize}"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置 Hibernate 的 SessionFactory 实例: 通过 Spring 提供的 LocalSessionFactoryBean 进行配置 -->
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<!-- 配置数据源属性 -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
<!-- 配置 hibernate 配置文件的位置及名称 -->
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"></property>
<!-- 使用 hibernateProperties 属相来配置 Hibernate 原生的属性 -->
<!--
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
</props>
</property>
-->
<!-- 配置 hibernate 映射文件的位置及名称, 可以使用通配符 -->
<property name="mappingLocations"
value="classpath:com/gong/spring/hibernate/entities/*.hbm.xml"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置 Spring 的声明式事务 -->
<!-- 1. 配置事务管理器 -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 2. 配置事务属性, 需要事务管理器 -->
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/>
<tx:method name="purchase" propagation="REQUIRES_NEW"/>
<tx:method name="*"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<!-- 3. 配置事务切点, 并把切点和事务属性关联起来 -->
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut expression="execution(* com.gong.spring.hibernate.service.*.*(..))"
id="txPointcut"/>
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="txPointcut"/>
</aop:config>
</beans>
需要注意:假设用的是navicat操作Mysql数据库,对于所连接的数据库,先不要打开,否则不会生成相应的数据表。同时,有两种方式配置hibernate的配置文件,一种是引用外部配置,一种是直接在applicaitonContext.xml文件中进行配置。
最后我们在com.gong.spring.hibernate.test中新建一个SpringHibernateTest.java进行测试:
package com.gong.spring.hibernate.test;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class SpringHibernateTest {
private ApplicationContext ctx = null;
{
ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
}
@Test
public void testDataSource() throws SQLException {
DataSource dataSource = ctx.getBean(DataSource.class);
System.out.println(dataSource.getConnection());
}
}
执行testDataSource方法,在数据库hb中会生成两个实体类的表:
3.进行代码测试
现在的目录结构如下:
使用基于注解的方式来配置bean,需要先在applicationContext.xml中加入:
<!-- 配置自动扫描的包 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.gong.spring.hibernate"></context:component-scan>
BookShopDao.java
package com.gong.spring.hibernate.dao;
public interface BookShopDao {
//根据书号获取书的单价
public int findBookPriceByIsbn(String isbn);
//更新书的库存,使书号对应的库存-1
public void updateBookStock(String isbn);
//更新账户余额:使username的balance-price
public void updateUserAccount(String username, int price);
}
BookShopDaoImpl.java
package com.gong.spring.hibernate.dao.impl;
import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import com.gong.spring.hibernate.dao.BookShopDao;
import com.gong.spring.hibernate.exceptions.BookStockException;
import com.gong.spring.hibernate.exceptions.UserAccountException;
@Repository
public class BookShopDaoImpl implements BookShopDao {
@Autowired
private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
//获取当前绑定的session
private Session getSession() {
return sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
}
@Override
public int findBookPriceByIsbn(String isbn) {
String hql = "SELECT b.price FROM Book b WHERE b.isbn = ?";
Query query = getSession().createQuery(hql).setString(0, isbn);
return (Integer) query.uniqueResult();
}
@Override
public void updateBookStock(String isbn) {
//验证书的库存是否充足
String hql2 = "SELECT b.stock FROM Book b WHERE b.isbn = ?";
//检查书的库存是否足够,如果不够,就抛出异常
int stock = (int) getSession().createQuery(hql2).setString(0, isbn).uniqueResult();
if(stock == 0){
throw new BookStockException("库存不足!");
}
String hql = "UPDATE Book b set b.stock = b.stock-1 WHERE b.isbn = ?";
getSession().createQuery(hql).setString(0, isbn).executeUpdate();
}
@Override
public void updateUserAccount(String username, int price) {
String hql2 = "SELECT a.balance FROM Account a WHERE a.username = ?";
int balance = (int) getSession().createQuery(hql2).setString(0, username).uniqueResult();
if(balance < price){
throw new UserAccountException("余额不足!");
}
String hql = "UPDATE Account a SET a.balance = a.balance - ? WHERE a.username = ?";
getSession().createQuery(hql).setInteger(0, price).setString(1, username).executeUpdate();
}
}
这里值得一提的是,hql语句和sql语句是有区别的,会将数据表当作对象来看,因此数据表的首字母要大写。
BookShopException.java和UserAccountException.java是我们自己定义的异常。
BookShopException.java
package com.gong.spring.hibernate.exceptions;
public class BookStockException extends RuntimeException{
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
public BookStockException() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
public BookStockException(String message, Throwable cause,
boolean enableSuppression, boolean writableStackTrace) {
super(message, cause, enableSuppression, writableStackTrace);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
public BookStockException(String message, Throwable cause) {
super(message, cause);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
public BookStockException(String message) {
super(message);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
public BookStockException(Throwable cause) {
super(cause);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
}
UserAccountException.java
package com.gong.spring.hibernate.exceptions;
public class UserAccountException extends RuntimeException{
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
public UserAccountException() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
public UserAccountException(String message, Throwable cause,
boolean enableSuppression, boolean writableStackTrace) {
super(message, cause, enableSuppression, writableStackTrace);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
public UserAccountException(String message, Throwable cause) {
super(message, cause);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
public UserAccountException(String message) {
super(message);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
public UserAccountException(Throwable cause) {
super(cause);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
}
其实就是为异常取了个名字,然后改为自己想要输出的错误信息。
BookShopService.java(用于测试买单本书时候的事务)
package com.gong.spring.hibernate.service;
public interface BookShopService {
public void purchase(String username, String isbn);
}
Cashier.java(用于测试买多本书时候的事务)
package com.gong.spring.hibernate.service;
import java.util.List;
public interface Cashier {
public void checkout(String username, List<String> isbns);
}
BookShopServiceImpl.java
package com.gong.spring.hibernate.service.impl;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.gong.spring.hibernate.dao.BookShopDao;
import com.gong.spring.hibernate.service.BookShopService;
@Service
public class BookShopServiceImpl implements BookShopService {
@Autowired
private BookShopDao bookShopDao;
public void purchase(String username, String isbn) {
//1. 获取书的单价
int price = bookShopDao.findBookPriceByIsbn(isbn);
//2. 更新库存
bookShopDao.updateBookStock(isbn);
//3. 更新余额
bookShopDao.updateUserAccount(username, price);
}
}
CashierImpl.java
package com.gong.spring.hibernate.service.impl;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import com.gong.spring.hibernate.service.BookShopService;
import com.gong.spring.hibernate.service.Cashier;
@Service
public class CashierImpl implements Cashier {
@Autowired
private BookShopService bookShopService;
@Override
public void checkout(String username, List<String> isbns) {
for(String isbn: isbns){
bookShopService.purchase(username, isbn);
}
}
}
最后,我们在SpringHibernateTest.java中进行测试:
package com.gong.spring.hibernate.test;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.gong.spring.hibernate.service.BookShopService;
import com.gong.spring.hibernate.service.Cashier;
public class SpringHibernateTest {
private ApplicationContext ctx = null;
private BookShopService bookShopService = null;
private Cashier cashier = null;
{
ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
bookShopService = ctx.getBean(BookShopService.class);
cashier = ctx.getBean(Cashier.class);
}
@Test
public void testCashier(){
cashier.checkout("AA", Arrays.asList("1001","1002"));
}
@Test
public void testBookShopService(){
bookShopService.purchase("AA", "1001");
}
@Test
public void testDataSource() throws SQLException {
DataSource dataSource = ctx.getBean(DataSource.class);
System.out.println(dataSource.getConnection());
}
}
首先我们往数据库中添加如下数据:
先测试 testBookShopService方法,结果如下:成功购买了一本java书。
再执行一次该方法:出现异常,余额不足,结果为:
说明我们的spring+hibernate事务是配置成功。
接下来我们测试事务的传播方式,即testCashier方法,首先我们将数据设置为:
第一次执行后的结果:成功买到两本书:
再执行一次:
只买了第一本书,第二本余额不足,因为我们在配置时指定了<tx:method name="purchase" propagation="REQUIRES_NEW"/>。如果设置 propagation="REQUIRD,那么就会一本都买不成功。具体原因可以参考之前所写的博客。
4.总结
至此,spring整合hibernate就基本完成了。
最后补充一些:
Spring Hibernate事务的流程:
(1)在方法执行之前获取session;
(2)把session和当前线程绑定,这样就可以在Dao中使用SessionFactory的getCurrentSession()来获取session;
(3)开启事务;
(4)若方法正常结束,即没有出现异常,则先提交事务,然后使当前线程绑定的session解除绑定,最后关闭session;
(5)若方法出现异常,则先回滚事务,然后使当前线程绑定的session解除绑定,最后关闭session;
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