kubernetes-配置管理（十一）

时间:2022-07-26
本文章向大家介绍kubernetes-配置管理（十一），主要内容包括其使用实例、应用技巧、基本知识点总结和需要注意事项，具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友可以参考一下。

Secret

https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/secret/

Secret解决了密码、token、密钥等敏感数据的配置问题，而不需要把这些敏感数据暴露到镜像或者Pod Spec中。Secret可以以Volume或者环境变量的方式使用。

使用kubectl创建secret

[root@k8s-master1 secret]# echo -n 'admin' > ./username.txt
[root@k8s-master1 secret]# echo -n '1f2d1e2e67df' > ./password.txt
[root@k8s-master1 secret]# kubectl create secret generic db-user-pass --from-file=./username.txt --from-file=./password.txt
secret/db-user-pass created

查看secret信息

[root@k8s-master1 secret]# kubectl get secret
NAME                   TYPE                                  DATA   AGE
db-user-pass           Opaque                                2      15s
default-token-7vs6s    kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      6d23h
registry-pull-secret   kubernetes.io/dockerconfigjson        1      5d3h
sslexample-foo-com     kubernetes.io/tls                     2      66m
[root@k8s-master1 secret]# kubectl describe secret/db-user-pass
Name:         db-user-pass
Namespace:    default
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  <none>

Type:  Opaque

Data
====
password.txt:  12 bytes
username.txt:  5 bytes

使用yaml文件创建secret

[root@k8s-master1 secret]# echo -n 'admin' | base64
YWRtaW4=
[root@k8s-master1 secret]# echo -n '1f2d1e2e67df' | base64
MWYyZDFlMmU2N2Rm
[root@k8s-master1 secret]# vim secret.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: mysecret
type: Opaque
data:
  username: YWRtaW4=
  password: MWYyZDFlMmU2N2Rm

[root@k8s-master1 secret]# kubectl create -f secret.yaml 
secret/mysecret created
Pod 可以通过 Volume 的方式使用 Secret
[root@k8s-master1 secret]# vim secret-vol.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: pod-secret
spec:
  containers:
  - name: pod-secret
    image: busybox
    args:
      - /bin/sh
      - -c
      - sleep 10;touch /tmp/healthy;sleep 30000
    volumeMounts:
    - name: foo
      mountPath: "/etc/foo"
      readOnly: true
  volumes:
  - name: foo
    secret:
      secretName: mysecret

[root@k8s-master1 secret]# kubectl apply -f secret-vol.yaml
pod/pod-secret created

进入容器查看

[root@k8s-master1 secret]# kubectl exec -it pod-secret sh
/ # ls /etc/foo/
password  username/ # cat /etc/foo/username 
admin/ # 
/ # cat /etc/foo/password 
1f2d1e2e67df/ #

 以 Volume 方式使用的 Secret 支持动态更新：Secret 更新后，容器中的数据也会更新。

[root@k8s-master1 secret]# vim secret.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: mysecret
type: Opaque
data:
  username: YWRtaW4=
  password: MWt3OG4zbDQ4Yg==

[root@k8s-master1 secret]# kubectl apply -f secret.yaml
Warning: kubectl apply should be used on resource created by either kubectl create --save-config or kubectl apply
secret/mysecret configured
[root@k8s-master1 secret]# kubectl exec -it pod-secret sh/ # cat /etc/foo/password 
1kw8n3l48b/ # 
/ #
Pod 可以通过 环境变量 的方式使用 Secret
[root@k8s-master1 secret]# vim secret-env.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: pod-secret-env
spec:
  containers:
  - name: pod-secret-env
    image: busybox
    args:
      - /bin/sh
      - -c
      - sleep 10;touch /tmp/healthy;sleep 30000
    env:
      - name: SECRET_USERNAME
        valueFrom:
          secretKeyRef:
            name: mysecret
            key: username
      - name: SECRET_PASSWORD
        valueFrom:
          secretKeyRef:
            name: mysecret
            key: password

[root@k8s-master1 secret]# kubectl apply -f secret-env.yaml
pod/pod-secret-env created
[root@k8s-master1 secret]# kubectl exec -it pod-secret-env sh
/ # echo $SECRET_USERNAME
admin
/ # echo $SECRET_PASSWORD
1kw8n3l48b

通过环境变量 SECRET_USERNAME 和 SECRET_PASSWORD 成功读取到 Secret 的数据。 需要注意的是，环境变量读取 Secret 很方便，但无法支撑 Secret 动态更新。 Secret 可以为 Pod 提供密码、Token、私钥等敏感数据；对于一些非敏感数据，比如应用的配置信息，则可以用 ConfigMap

ConfigMap

https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-pod-configmap/

configmap是让配置文件从镜像中解耦，让镜像的可移植性和可复制性。许多应用程序会从配置文件、命令行参数或环境变量中读取配置信息。这些配置信息需要与docker image解耦，你总不能每修改一个配置就重做一个image吧？ConfigMap API给我们提供了向容器中注入配置信息的机制，ConfigMap可以被用来保存单个属性，也可以用来保存整个配置文件或者JSON二进制大对象。

configmap的创建

命令创建configmap

[root@k8s-master1 configmap]# kubectl create configmap nginx-config --from-literal=nginx_port=80 --from-literal=server_name=myapp.magedu.com
configmap/nginx-config created
[root@k8s-master1 configmap]# kubectl get cm
NAME           DATA   AGE
nginx-config   2      8s
[root@k8s-master1 configmap]# kubectl describe cm nginx-config
Name:         nginx-config
Namespace:    default
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  <none>

Data
====
nginx_port:
----
80
server_name:
----
myapp.magedu.com
Events:  <none>

通过 --from-file：每个文件内容对应一个信息条目。

[root@k8s-master1 configmap]# vim www.conf
server {
    server_name myapp.magedu.com;
    listen 80;
    root /data/web/html;
}
[root@k8s-master1 configmap]# kubectl create configmap nginx-www --from-file=./www.conf 
configmap/nginx-www created
[root@k8s-master1 configmap]# kubectl get cm
NAME           DATA   AGE
nginx-config   2      16m
nginx-www      1      8s
[root@k8s-master1 configmap]# kubectl get cm nginx-www -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
data:
  www.conf: |
    server {
        server_name myapp.magedu.com;
        listen 80;
        root /data/web/html;
    }
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: "2018-12-26T03:49:22Z"
  name: nginx-www
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: "518908"
  selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/configmaps/nginx-www
  uid: 3add1507-08c1-11e9-ad5d-000c2977dc9c
使用configmap

环境变量方式注入到pod

[root@k8s-master1 configmap]# vim pod-configmap.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: pod-cm-1
  namespace: default
  labels:
    app: myapp
    tier: frontend
  annotations:
    magedu.com/created-by: "cluster admin"
spec:
  containers:
  - name: myapp
    image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1
    ports:
    - name: http
      containerPort: 80
    env:
    - name: NGINX_SERVER_PORT
      valueFrom:
        configMapKeyRef:
          name: nginx-config
          key: nginx_port
    - name: NGINX_SERVER_NAME
      valueFrom:
        configMapKeyRef:
          name: nginx-config
          key: server_name

[root@k8s-master1 configmap]# kubectl apply -f pod-configmap.yaml
pod/pod-cm-1 created
[root@k8s-master1 configmap]# kubectl exec -it pod-cm-1 -- /bin/sh
/ # echo $NGINX_SERVER_PORT
80
/ # echo $NGINX_SERVER_NAME
myapp.magedu.com

修改端口，可以发现使用环境变化注入pod中的端口不会根据配置的更改而变化

[root@k8s-master1 configmap]# kubectl edit cm nginx-config
configmap/nginx-config edited
[root@k8s-master1 configmap]# kubectl exec -it pod-cm-1 -- /bin/sh
/ # echo $NGINX_SERVER_PORT
80

存储卷方式挂载configmap： Volume 形式的 ConfigMap 也支持动态更新

[root@k8s-master1 configmap]# vim pod-configmap-vol.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: pod-cm-2
  namespace: default
  labels: 
    app: myapp
    tier: frontend
  annotations:
    magedu.com/created-by: "cluster admin"
spec:
  containers:
  - name: myapp
    image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1
    ports:
    - name: http
      containerPort: 80 
    volumeMounts:
    - name: nginxconf
      mountPath: /etc/nginx/config.d/
      readOnly: true
  volumes:
  - name: nginxconf
    configMap:
      name: nginx-config

[root@k8s-master1 configmap]# kubectl apply -f pod-configmap-vol.yaml
pod/pod-cm-2 created
[root@k8s-master1 configmap]# kubectl exec -it pod-cm-2 -- /bin/sh
# cd /etc/nginx/config.d/
# ls
nginx_port   server_name
# cat server_name
myapp.magedu.com

以nginx-www配置nginx

[root@k8s-master1 configmap]# vim pod-configmap-ngx.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: pod-cm-3
  namespace: default
  labels: 
    app: myapp
    tier: frontend
  annotations:
    magedu.com/created-by: "cluster admin"
spec:
  containers:
  - name: myapp
    image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1
    ports:
    - name: http
      containerPort: 80 
    volumeMounts:
    - name: nginxconf
      mountPath: /etc/nginx/conf.d/
      readOnly: true
  volumes:
  - name: nginxconf
    configMap:
      name: nginx-www

[root@k8s-master1 configmap]# kubectl apply -f pod-configmap-ngx.yaml
pod/pod-cm-3 created
[root@k8s-master1 configmap]# kubectl exec -it pod-cm-3 -- /bin/sh
/ # cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
/etc/nginx/conf.d # ls
www.conf
/etc/nginx/conf.d # cat www.conf 
server {
    server_name myapp.magedu.com;
    listen 80;
    root /data/web/html;
}

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