Go实战--实现简单的restful api
生命不止,继续 Go go go !!!
今天跟大家介绍一下如何使用go创建一套restful api,我们依托于开源库gorilla/mux。
let’s go~~
何为RESTful API
A RESTful API is an application program interface (API) that uses HTTP requests to GET, PUT, POST and DELETE data.
A RESTful API – also referred to as a RESTful web service – is based on representational state transfer (REST) technology, an architectural style and approach to communications often used in web services development.
Wikipedia: 表征性状态传输(英文:Representational State Transfer,简称REST)是Roy Fielding博士于2000年在他的博士论文中提出来的一种软件架构风格。 Roy Fielding是HTTP协议(1.0版和1.1版)的主要设计者,事实上HTTP 1.1规范正是基于REST架构风格的指导原理来设计的。需要注意的是,REST是一种设计风格而不是标准,如果一个架构符合REST原则,我们就称它为RESTful架构。
gorilla/mux
github地址: https://github.com/gorilla/mux
golang自带的http.SeverMux路由实现简单,本质是一个map[string]Handler,是请求路径与该路径对应的处理函数的映射关系。实现简单功能也比较单一:
- 不支持正则路由, 这个是比较致命的
- 只支持路径匹配,不支持按照Method,header,host等信息匹配,所以也就没法实现RESTful架构
而gorilla/mux是一个强大的路由,小巧但是稳定高效,不仅可以支持正则路由还可以按照Method,header,host等信息匹配,可以从我们设定的路由表达式中提取出参数方便上层应用,而且完全兼容http.ServerMux
设置好了go的环境变量,直接运行:
go get -u github.com/gorilla/mux
实现
定义结构体,用户构造json
type Person struct {
ID string `json:"id,omitemty"`
Firstname string `json:"firstname,omitempty"`
Lastname string `json:"lastname,omitempty"`
Address *Address `json:"address,omitempty"`}type Address struct {
City string `json:"city,omitempty"`
Province string `json:"province,omitempty"`}
接下来,定义一个全局变量,用于存储资源(数据):
var people []Person
对这个变量进行赋值:
people = append(people, Person{ID: "1", Firstname: "xi", Lastname: "dada", Address: &Address{City: "Shenyang", Province: "Liaoning"}})
people = append(people, Person{ID: "2", Firstname: "li", Lastname: "xiansheng", Address: &Address{City: "Changchun", Province: "Jinlin"}})
如果对go中的struct不够了解的可以看这里: http://blog.csdn.net/wangshubo1989/article/details/70040022
Get 获取所有person,这里我们叫people:
func GetPeople(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(people)
}
根据id获取person:
func GetPerson(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
params := mux.Vars(req) for _, item := range people { if item.ID == params["id"] {
json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(item) return
}
}
json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(people)
}
然后handle function:
router := mux.NewRouter()
router.HandleFunc("/people", GetPeople).Methods("GET")
router.HandleFunc("/people/{id}", GetPerson).Methods("GET")
post 同样可以,通过post操作向服务器添加数据:
func PostPerson(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
params := mux.Vars(req) var person Person
_ = json.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&person)
person.ID = params["id"]
people = append(people, person)
json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(people)
}
然后handle function:
router.HandleFunc("/people/{id}", PostPerson).Methods("POST")
Delete 根据id进行删除操作:
func DeletePerson(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
params := mux.Vars(req) for index, item := range people { if item.ID == params["id"] {
people = append(people[:index], people[index+1:]...) break
}
}
json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(people)
}
然后handle function:
router.HandleFunc("/people/{id}", DeletePerson).Methods("DELETE")
完整代码与运行结果
代码:
package main
import ( "encoding/json"
"log"
"net/http"
"github.com/gorilla/mux")
type Person struct {
ID string `json:"id,omitemty"`
Firstname string `json:"firstname,omitempty"`
Lastname string `json:"lastname,omitempty"`
Address *Address `json:"address,omitempty"`
}
type Address struct {
City string `json:"city,omitempty"`
Province string `json:"province,omitempty"`
}
var people []Person
func GetPerson(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
params := mux.Vars(req)
for _, item := range people {
if item.ID == params["id"] {
json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(item)
return
}
}
json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(people)
}
func GetPeople(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(people)
}
func PostPerson(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
params := mux.Vars(req)
var person Person
_ = json.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&person)
person.ID = params["id"]
people = append(people, person)
json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(people)
}
func DeletePerson(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
params := mux.Vars(req)
for index, item := range people {
if item.ID == params["id"] {
people = append(people[:index], people[index+1:]...) break
}
}
json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(people)
}
func main() {
router := mux.NewRouter()
people = append(people, Person{ID: "1", Firstname: "xi", Lastname: "dada", Address: &Address{City: "Shenyang", Province: "Liaoning"}})
people = append(people, Person{ID: "2", Firstname: "li", Lastname: "xiansheng", Address: &Address{City: "Changchun", Province: "Jinlin"}})
router.HandleFunc("/people", GetPeople).Methods("GET")
router.HandleFunc("/people/{id}", GetPerson).Methods("GET")
router.HandleFunc("/people/{id}", PostPerson).Methods("POST")
router.HandleFunc("/people/{id}", DeletePerson).Methods("DELETE")
log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":12345", router))
}
运行结果: Get People
package mainimport ( "fmt"
"net/http"
"io/ioutil")func main() {
url := "http://localhost:12345/people"
req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", url, nil)
req.Header.Add("accept", "application/json")
req.Header.Add("authorization", "Basic d2FuZ3NodWJvOndhbmdzaHVibw==")
req.Header.Add("cache-control", "no-cache")
req.Header.Add("postman-token", "18774413-0c11-e312-7ed6-7bc4f8151f5a")
res, _ := http.DefaultClient.Do(req) defer res.Body.Close()
body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
fmt.Println(res)
fmt.Println(string(body))
}
Get Person
package mainimport ( "fmt"
"strings"
"net/http"
"io/ioutil")func main() {
url := "http://localhost:12345/people/1"
payload := strings.NewReader("{n "firstname": "wang",n "lastname": "shubo",n "address": {n "city": "Beijing",n "state": "Beijng"n }n}")
req, _ := http.NewRequest("DELETE", url, payload)
req.Header.Add("content-type", "application/json")
req.Header.Add("cache-control", "no-cache")
req.Header.Add("postman-token", "4a894ad6-2887-259a-c953-5d26fed70963")
res, _ := http.DefaultClient.Do(req) defer res.Body.Close()
body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
fmt.Println(res)
fmt.Println(string(body))
}
Post Person
package mainimport ( "fmt"
"strings"
"net/http"
"io/ioutil")func main() {
url := "http://localhost:12345/people/3"
payload := strings.NewReader("{n "firstname": "wang",n "lastname": "shubo",n "address": {n "city": "Beijing",n "state": "Beijng"n }n}")
req, _ := http.NewRequest("POST", url, payload)
req.Header.Add("content-type", "application/json")
req.Header.Add("cache-control", "no-cache")
req.Header.Add("postman-token", "a9d590dd-1819-15f6-962e-0eabf4b7e707")
res, _ := http.DefaultClient.Do(req) defer res.Body.Close()
body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
fmt.Println(res)
fmt.Println(string(body))
}
Delete Person
package mainimport ( "fmt"
"strings"
"net/http"
"io/ioutil")func main() {
url := "http://localhost:12345/people/1"
payload := strings.NewReader("{n "firstname": "wang",n "lastname": "shubo",n "address": {n "city": "Beijing",n "state": "Beijng"n }n}")
req, _ := http.NewRequest("DELETE", url, payload)
req.Header.Add("content-type", "application/json")
req.Header.Add("cache-control", "no-cache")
req.Header.Add("postman-token", "4c8d290e-4c6c-53f7-64e9-1d1f6ed19b09")
res, _ := http.DefaultClient.Do(req) defer res.Body.Close()
body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
fmt.Println(res)
fmt.Println(string(body))
}
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