drf ___jwt插件

时间:2019-10-30
本文章向大家介绍drf ___jwt插件，主要包括drf ___jwt插件使用实例、应用技巧、基本知识点总结和需要注意事项，具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友可以参考一下。

drf-jwt插件

官网
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https://github.com/jpadilla/django-rest-framework-jwt
安装
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>: pip3 install djangorestframework-jwt
登录 - 签发token：api/urls.py
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# ObtainJSONWebToken视图类就是通过username和password得到user对象然后签发token
from rest_framework_jwt.views import ObtainJSONWebToken, obtain_jwt_token
urlpatterns = [
    # url(r'^jogin/$', ObtainJSONWebToken.as_view()),
    url(r'^jogin/$', obtain_jwt_token),
]
认证 - 校验token：全局或局部配置drf-jwt的认证类 JSONWebTokenAuthentication
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from rest_framework.views import APIView
from utils.response import APIResponse
# 必须登录后才能访问 - 通过了认证权限组件
from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated
from rest_framework_jwt.authentication import JSONWebTokenAuthentication
class UserDetail(APIView):
    authentication_classes = [JSONWebTokenAuthentication]  # jwt-token校验request.user
    permission_classes = [IsAuthenticated]  # 结合权限组件筛选掉游客
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return APIResponse(results={'username': request.user.username})
路由与接口测试
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# 路由
url(r'^user/detail/$', views.UserDetail.as_view()),
​
# 接口：/api/user/detail/
# 认证信息：必须在请求头的 Authorization 中携带 "jwt 后台签发的token" 格式的认证字符串

签发token

源码入口
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# 前提：给一个局部禁用了所有 认证与权限 的视图类发送用户信息得到token，其实就是登录接口
​
# 1）rest_framework_jwt.views.ObtainJSONWebToken 的 父类 JSONWebTokenAPIView 的 post 方法
#       接受有username、password的post请求
# 2）post方法将请求数据交给 rest_framework_jwt.serializer.JSONWebTokenSerializer 处理
#       完成数据的校验，会走序列化类的 全局钩子校验规则，校验得到登录用户并签发token存储在序列化对象中
核心源码：rest_framework_jwt.serializer.JSONWebTokenSerializer的validate(self, attrs)方法
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def validate(self, attrs):
    # 账号密码字典
    credentials = {
        self.username_field: attrs.get(self.username_field),
        'password': attrs.get('password')
    }
    if all(credentials.values()):
        # 签发token第1步：用账号密码得到user对象
        user = authenticate(**credentials)
        if user:
            if not user.is_active:
                msg = _('User account is disabled.')
                raise serializers.ValidationError(msg)
            # 签发token第2步：通过user得到payload，payload包含着用户信息与过期时间
            payload = jwt_payload_handler(user)
            # 在视图类中，可以通过 序列化对象.object.get('user'或者'token') 拿到user和token
            return {
                # 签发token第3步：通过payload签发出token
                'token': jwt_encode_handler(payload),
                'user': user
            }
        else:
            msg = _('Unable to log in with provided credentials.')
            raise serializers.ValidationError(msg)
    else:
        msg = _('Must include "{username_field}" and "password".')
        msg = msg.format(username_field=self.username_field)
        raise serializers.ValidationError(msg)
手动发token逻辑
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# 1）通过username、password得到user对象
# 2）通过user对象生成payload：jwt_payload_handler(user) => payload
#       from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_payload_handler
# 3）通过payload签发token：jwt_encode_handler(payload) => token
#       from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_encode_handler

校验token

源码入口
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# 前提：访问一个配置了jwt认证规则的视图类，就需要提交认证字符串token，在认证类中完成token的校验
​
# 1）rest_framework_jwt.authentication.JSONWebTokenAuthentication 的 父类 BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication 的 authenticate 方法
#       请求头拿认证信息jwt-token => 通过反爬小规则确定有用的token => payload => user　
核心源码：rest_framework_jwt.authentication.BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication的authenticate(self, request)方法
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def authenticate(self, request):
    """
    Returns a two-tuple of `User` and token if a valid signature has been
    supplied using JWT-based authentication.  Otherwise returns `None`.
    """
    # 带有反爬小规则的获取token：前台必须按 "jwt token字符串" 方式提交
    # 校验user第1步：从请求头 HTTP_AUTHORIZATION 中拿token，并提取
    jwt_value = self.get_jwt_value(request)
    # 游客
    if jwt_value is None:
        return None
    # 校验
    try:
        # 校验user第2步：token => payload
        payload = jwt_decode_handler(jwt_value)
    except jwt.ExpiredSignature:
        msg = _('Signature has expired.')
        raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed(msg)
    except jwt.DecodeError:
        msg = _('Error decoding signature.')
        raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed(msg)
    except jwt.InvalidTokenError:
        raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed()
    # 校验user第3步：token => payload
    user = self.authenticate_credentials(payload)
​
    return (user, jwt_value)
手动校验token逻辑
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# 1）从请求头中获取token
# 2）根据token解析出payload：jwt_decode_handler(token) => payloay
#       from rest_framework_jwt.authentication import jwt_decode_handler
# 3）根据payload解析出user：self.authenticate_credentials(payload) => user
#       继承drf-jwt的BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication，拿到父级的authenticate_credentials方法

案例：实现多方式登陆签发token

models.py
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from django.db import models
​
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
class User(AbstractUser):
    mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, unique=True)
​
    class Meta:
        db_table = 'api_user'
        verbose_name = '用户表'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
​
    def __str__(self):
        return self.username　
serializers.py
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from rest_framework import serializers
from . import models
import re
​
# 拿到前台token的两个函数： user => payload => token
# from rest_framework_jwt.settings import api_settings
# jwt_payload_handler = api_settings.JWT_PAYLOAD_HANDLER
# jwt_encode_handler = api_settings.JWT_ENCODE_HANDLER
from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_payload_handler
from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_encode_handler
​
​
# 1) 前台提交多种登录信息都采用一个key，所以后台可以自定义反序列化字段进行对应
# 2) 序列化类要处理序列化与反序列化，要在fields中设置model绑定的Model类所有使用到的字段
# 3) 区分序列化字段与反序列化字段 read_only | write_only
# 4) 在自定义校验规则中（局部钩子、全局钩子）校验数据是否合法、确定登录的用户、根据用户签发token
# 5) 将登录的用户与签发的token保存在序列化类对象中
class UserModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    # 自定义反序列字段：一定要设置write_only，只参与反序列化，不会与model类字段映射
    usr = serializers.CharField(write_only=True)
    pwd = serializers.CharField(write_only=True)
    class Meta:
        model = models.User
        fields = ['usr', 'pwd', 'username', 'mobile', 'email']
        # 系统校验规则
        extra_kwargs = {
            'username': {
                'read_only': True
            },
            'mobile': {
                'read_only': True
            },
            'email': {
                'read_only': True
            },
        }
​
    def validate(self, attrs):
        usr = attrs.get('usr')
        pwd = attrs.get('pwd')
​
        # 多方式登录：各分支处理得到该方式下对应的用户
        if re.match(r'.+@.+', usr):
            user_query = models.User.objects.filter(email=usr)
        elif re.match(r'1[3-9][0-9]{9}', usr):
            user_query = models.User.objects.filter(mobile=usr)
        else:
            user_query = models.User.objects.filter(username=usr)
        user_obj = user_query.first()
​
        # 签发：得到登录用户，签发token并存储在实例化对象中
        if user_obj and user_obj.check_password(pwd):
            # 签发token，将token存放到 实例化类对象的token 名字中
            payload = jwt_payload_handler(user_obj)
            token = jwt_encode_handler(payload)
            # 将当前用户与签发的token都保存在序列化对象中
            self.user = user_obj
            self.token = token
            return attrs
​
        raise serializers.ValidationError({'data': '数据有误'})
views.py
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#实现多方式登陆签发token：账号、手机号、邮箱等登陆
# 1) 禁用认证与权限组件
# 2) 拿到前台登录信息，交给序列化类
# 3) 序列化类校验得到登录用户与token存放在序列化对象中
# 4) 取出登录用户与token返回给前台
import re
from . import serializers, models
from utils.response import APIResponse
​
from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_payload_handler
from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_encode_handler
​
class LoginAPIView(APIView):
    # 1) 禁用认证与权限组件
    authentication_classes = []
    permission_classes = []
    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # 2) 拿到前台登录信息，交给序列化类，规则：账号用usr传，密码用pwd传
        user_ser = serializers.UserModelSerializer(data=request.data)
        # 3) 序列化类校验得到登录用户与token存放在序列化对象中
        user_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
        # 4) 取出登录用户与token返回给前台
        return APIResponse(token=user_ser.token, results=serializers.UserModelSerializer(user_ser.user).data)
​
    # "一根筋" 思考方式：所有逻辑都在视图类中处理
    def my_post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        usr = request.data.get('usr')
        pwd = request.data.get('pwd')
        if re.match(r'.+@.+', usr):
            user_query = models.User.objects.filter(email=usr)
        elif re.match(r'1[3-9][0-9]{9}', usr):
            user_query = models.User.objects.filter(mobile=usr)
        else:
            user_query = models.User.objects.filter(username=usr)
        user_obj = user_query.first()
        if user_obj and user_obj.check_password(pwd):
            payload = jwt_payload_handler(user_obj)
            token = jwt_encode_handler(payload)
            return APIResponse(results={'username': user_obj.username}, token=token)
        return APIResponse(data_msg='不可控错误')

案例：自定义认证反爬规则的认证类

authentications.py
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import jwt
from rest_framework_jwt.authentication import BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication
from rest_framework_jwt.authentication import jwt_decode_handler
from rest_framework.exceptions import AuthenticationFailed
class JWTAuthentication(BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication):
    def authenticate(self, request):
        jwt_token = request.META.get('HTTP_AUTHORIZATION')
​
        # 自定义校验规则：auth token jwt
        token = self.parse_jwt_token(jwt_token)
​
        if token is None:
            return None
​
        try:
            # token => payload
            payload = jwt_decode_handler(token)
        except jwt.ExpiredSignature:
            raise AuthenticationFailed('token已过期')
        except:
            raise AuthenticationFailed('非法用户')
        # payload => user
        user = self.authenticate_credentials(payload)
​
        return (user, token)
​
    # 自定义校验规则：auth token jwt，auth为前盐，jwt为后盐
    def parse_jwt_token(self, jwt_token):
        tokens = jwt_token.split()
        if len(tokens) != 3 or tokens[0].lower() != 'auth' or tokens[2].lower() != 'jwt':
            return None
        return tokens[1]　　
views.py
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from rest_framework.views import APIView
from utils.response import APIResponse
# 必须登录后才能访问 - 通过了认证权限组件
from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated
# 自定义jwt校验规则
from .authentications import JWTAuthentication
class UserDetail(APIView):
    authentication_classes = [JWTAuthentication]
    permission_classes = [IsAuthenticated]
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return APIResponse(results={'username': request.user.username})

admin使用自定义User表：新增用户密码密文

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from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
​
# 自定义User表，admin后台管理，采用密文密码
from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin
​
class MyUserAdmin(UserAdmin):
    add_fieldsets = (
        (None, {
            'classes': ('wide',),
            'fields': ('username', 'password1', 'password2', 'mobile', 'email'),
        }),
    )
​
admin.site.register(models.User, MyUserAdmin)

　　

原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/yangxinpython/p/11763545.html

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