Spring注入集合

您已经看到了如何配置基本数据类型使用value属性和使用<property>标签的ref属性在你的bean配置文件中的对象引用。这两种情况下处理过单值到一个bean。

现在什么样,如果你想通过多元价值,如Java Collection类型List, Set, Map 及 Properties。要处理这种情况,Spring提供了四种类型的如下集合的配置元素:

元素 描述
<list> 这有助于注入值列表List配线,使重复。
<set> 这有助于在配线的一组值,但不能重复。
<map> 这可用于注入的名称 - 值对,其中名称和值可以是任何类型的集合。
<props> 这可以用来注入的名称 - 值对,其中名称和值都是字符串的集合。

可以使用<list> 或<set> 来连接任何实现java.util.Collection或数组。

会遇到两种情况(a)将收集的直接的值及(b)传递一个bean的引用作为集合的元素之一。

例子:

我们使用Eclipse IDE,然后按照下面的步骤来创建一个Spring应用程序:

步骤 描述
1 Create a project with a name SpringExample and create a package com.manongjc under the src folder in the created project.
2 Add required Spring libraries using Add External JARs option as explained in the Spring Hello World Example chapter.
3 Create Java classes JavaCollection, and MainApp under the com.manongjc package.
4 Create Beans configuration file Beans.xml under the src folder.
5 The final step is to create the content of all the Java files and Bean Configuration file and run the application as explained below.

这里是JavaCollection.java文件的内容:

package com.manongjc;
import java.util.*;

public class JavaCollection {
   List addressList;
   Set  addressSet;
   Map  addressMap;
   Properties addressProp;

   // a setter method to set List
   public void setAddressList(List addressList) {
      this.addressList = addressList;
   }
   // prints and returns all the elements of the list.
   public List getAddressList() {
      System.out.println("List Elements :"  + addressList);
      return addressList;
   }

   // a setter method to set Set
   public void setAddressSet(Set addressSet) {
      this.addressSet = addressSet;
   }

   // prints and returns all the elements of the Set.
   public Set getAddressSet() {
      System.out.println("Set Elements :"  + addressSet);
      return addressSet;
   }

   // a setter method to set Map
   public void setAddressMap(Map addressMap) {
      this.addressMap = addressMap;
   }
   // prints and returns all the elements of the Map.
   public Map getAddressMap() {
      System.out.println("Map Elements :"  + addressMap);
      return addressMap;
   }

   // a setter method to set Property
   public void setAddressProp(Properties addressProp) {
      this.addressProp = addressProp;
   }
   // prints and returns all the elements of the Property.
   public Properties getAddressProp() {
      System.out.println("Property Elements :"  + addressProp);
      return addressProp;
   }
}

以下是MainApp.java文件的内容:

package com.manongjc;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class MainApp {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      ApplicationContext context = 
             new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Beans.xml");

      JavaCollection jc=(JavaCollection)context.getBean("javaCollection");

      jc.getAddressList();
      jc.getAddressSet();
      jc.getAddressMap();
      jc.getAddressProp();
   }
}

以下是配置文件beans.xml文件里面有配置的集合的所有类型:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">

   <!-- Definition for javaCollection -->
   <bean id="javaCollection" class="com.manongjc.JavaCollection">

      <!-- results in a setAddressList(java.util.List) call -->
      <property name="addressList">
        <list>
           <value>INDIA</value>
           <value>Pakistan</value>
           <value>USA</value>
           <value>USA</value>
        </list>
      </property>

     <!-- results in a setAddressSet(java.util.Set) call -->
     <property name="addressSet">
        <set>
           <value>INDIA</value>
           <value>Pakistan</value>
           <value>USA</value>
           <value>USA</value>
        </set>
      </property>

     <!-- results in a setAddressMap(java.util.Map) call -->
     <property name="addressMap">
        <map>
           <entry key="1" value="INDIA"/>
           <entry key="2" value="Pakistan"/>
           <entry key="3" value="USA"/>
           <entry key="4" value="USA"/>
        </map>
      </property>

     <!-- results in a setAddressProp(java.util.Properties) call -->
     <property name="addressProp">
        <props>
           <prop key="one">INDIA</prop>
           <prop key="two">Pakistan</prop>
           <prop key="three">USA</prop>
           <prop key="four">USA</prop>
        </props>
      </property>

   </bean>

</beans>

创建源代码和bean配置文件完成后,让我们运行应用程序。如果应用程序一切顺利,这将打印以下信息:

List Elements :[INDIA, Pakistan, USA, USA]
Set Elements :[INDIA, Pakistan, USA]
Map Elements :{1=INDIA, 2=Pakistan, 3=USA, 4=USA}
Property Elements :{two=Pakistan, one=INDIA, three=USA, four=USA}

 

注入Bean引用:

下面bean定义将帮助您了解如何注入bean的引用作为集合的元素之一。甚至可以混合引用和值都在一起,如下图所示:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">

   <!-- Bean Definition to handle references and values -->
   <bean id="..." class="...">

      <!-- Passing bean reference  for java.util.List -->
      <property name="addressList">
        <list>
           <ref bean="address1"/>
           <ref bean="address2"/>
           <value>Pakistan</value>
        </list>
      </property>

     <!-- Passing bean reference  for java.util.Set -->
     <property name="addressSet">
        <set>
           <ref bean="address1"/>
           <ref bean="address2"/>
           <value>Pakistan</value>
        </set>
      </property>

     <!-- Passing bean reference  for java.util.Map -->
     <property name="addressMap">
        <map>
           <entry key="one" value="INDIA"/>
           <entry key ="two" value-ref="address1"/>
           <entry key ="three" value-ref="address2"/>
        </map>
      </property>

   </bean>

</beans>

使用上面的bean定义,需要定义这样一种方式,他们应该能够处理的参考,以及setter方法。

 

注入null和空字符串的值

如果需要传递一个空字符串作为值,如下所示:

<bean id="..." class="exampleBean">
   <property name="email" value=""/>
</bean>

前面的例子等同于Java代码: exampleBean.setEmail("")

如果需要传递一个null值,如下所示:

<bean id="..." class="exampleBean">
   <property name="email"><null/></property>
</bean>

前面的例子等同于Java代码:exampleBean.setEmail(null)