day26-2 pandas模块

时间:2019-06-12
本文章向大家介绍day26-2 pandas模块,主要包括day26-2 pandas模块使用实例、应用技巧、基本知识点总结和需要注意事项,具有一定的参考价值,需要的朋友可以参考一下。

pandas

  • 支持文件存取操作,支持数据库(sql)、html、json、pickle、csv(txt、excel)、sas、stata、hdf等。
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
# 约定俗成

Series(了解)

  • 类似于一维数组,并且只能放一维的数组
# pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 4])

# 效果相同,只是上面的dtype是int64 (占用的字节数更大)
pd.Series(np.array([1, 2, 3, 4]))
0    1
1    2
2    3
3    4
dtype: int32

DataFrame

  • 两位以上的数组使用DataFrame
pd.DataFrame(np.array([[1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7, 8]]))
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4
1 5 6 7 8
  • 案例:
    • 生成一个商品的信息
# 首先是拿到日期
dates = pd.date_range('2019-01-01', periods=7)
# 从2019-01-01开始,计算7天
dates
DatetimeIndex(['2019-01-01', '2019-01-02', '2019-01-03', '2019-01-04',
               '2019-01-05', '2019-01-06', '2019-01-07'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='D')
# 再拿到商品名称
goods_list = ['tesla', 'transformer', 'chongqiwawa,', 'masaladi']
# 再获取商品价格信息
prices = np.random.rand(7, 4)
# 约定俗成df
#               里面的信息  竖标题         横标题
df = pd.DataFrame(prices, index=dates, columns=goods_list)
df
tesla transformer chongqiwawa, masaladi
2019-01-01 0.754105 0.096779 0.299980 0.327802
2019-01-02 0.816899 0.286751 0.513483 0.804952
2019-01-03 0.523050 0.410259 0.772978 0.086772
2019-01-04 0.419899 0.535284 0.946628 0.387901
2019-01-05 0.171370 0.921370 0.656765 0.346406
2019-01-06 0.810353 0.945966 0.048220 0.525464
2019-01-07 0.073864 0.951866 0.609959 0.338945
# 存入excel中
df.to_excel('test.xlsx')

内置方法

属性 详解
dtype 查看数据类型
index 查看行序列或者索引
columns 查看各列的标签
values 查看数据框内的数据,也即不含表头索引的数据
describe 查看数据每一列的极值,均值,中位数,只可用于数值型数据
transpose 转置,也可用T来操作
sort_index 排序,可按行或列index排序输出
sort_values 按数据值来排序
# 获取每一列的数据类型
df.dtypes
tesla           float64
transformer     float64
chongqiwawa,    float64
masaladi        float64
dtype: object
# 获取索引
df.index
DatetimeIndex(['2019-01-01', '2019-01-02', '2019-01-03', '2019-01-04',
               '2019-01-05', '2019-01-06', '2019-01-07'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='D')
# 获取列标题
df.columns
Index(['tesla', 'transformer', 'chongqiwawa,', 'masaladi'], dtype='object')
# 获取值
df.values
array([[0.00890968, 0.05729652, 0.59607516, 0.22337263],
       [0.88853146, 0.77845106, 0.97974385, 0.14025457],
       [0.46915634, 0.89172479, 0.5544319 , 0.86177713],
       [0.93810727, 0.02787091, 0.68399802, 0.72312706],
       [0.46445576, 0.27518564, 0.63898171, 0.23633146],
       [0.12982823, 0.72375128, 0.20697944, 0.86700956],
       [0.98446901, 0.66713909, 0.2430983 , 0.41013451]])
# 生成描述性统计
df.describe()
tesla transformer chongqiwawa, masaladi
count 7.000000 7.000000 7.000000 7.000000
mean 0.554780 0.488774 0.557615 0.494572
std 0.395182 0.359985 0.265876 0.315884
min 0.008910 0.027871 0.206979 0.140255
25% 0.297142 0.166241 0.398765 0.229852
50% 0.469156 0.667139 0.596075 0.410135
75% 0.913319 0.751101 0.661490 0.792452
max 0.984469 0.891725 0.979744 0.867010
# 标题互换
df.transpose()
2019-01-01 00:00:00 2019-01-02 00:00:00 2019-01-03 00:00:00 2019-01-04 00:00:00 2019-01-05 00:00:00 2019-01-06 00:00:00 2019-01-07 00:00:00
tesla 0.008910 0.888531 0.469156 0.938107 0.464456 0.129828 0.984469
transformer 0.057297 0.778451 0.891725 0.027871 0.275186 0.723751 0.667139
chongqiwawa, 0.596075 0.979744 0.554432 0.683998 0.638982 0.206979 0.243098
masaladi 0.223373 0.140255 0.861777 0.723127 0.236331 0.867010 0.410135
# 按照index排序
df.sort_index()
tesla transformer chongqiwawa, masaladi
2019-01-01 0.008910 0.057297 0.596075 0.223373
2019-01-02 0.888531 0.778451 0.979744 0.140255
2019-01-03 0.469156 0.891725 0.554432 0.861777
2019-01-04 0.938107 0.027871 0.683998 0.723127
2019-01-05 0.464456 0.275186 0.638982 0.236331
2019-01-06 0.129828 0.723751 0.206979 0.867010
2019-01-07 0.984469 0.667139 0.243098 0.410135
# 对'tesla'的值进行排序,为False则是倒序
df.sort_values(by=['tesla'], ascending=True)
tesla transformer chongqiwawa, masaladi
2019-01-01 0.008910 0.057297 0.596075 0.223373
2019-01-06 0.129828 0.723751 0.206979 0.867010
2019-01-05 0.464456 0.275186 0.638982 0.236331
2019-01-03 0.469156 0.891725 0.554432 0.861777
2019-01-02 0.888531 0.778451 0.979744 0.140255
2019-01-04 0.938107 0.027871 0.683998 0.723127
2019-01-07 0.984469 0.667139 0.243098 0.410135

处理缺失值

test_data = '''
5.1,,1.4,0.2
4.9,3.0,1.4,0.2
4.7,3.2,,0.2
7.0,3.2,4.7,1.4
6.4,3.2,4.5,1.5
6.9,3.1,4.9,
,,,
'''

from io import StringIO
test_data = StringIO(test_data)    # office把这个字符串读入内存
df = pd.read_csv(test_data)    # 再处理成csv格式
df
5.1 Unnamed: 1 1.4 0.2
0 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2
1 4.7 3.2 NaN 0.2
2 7.0 3.2 4.7 1.4
3 6.4 3.2 4.5 1.5
4 6.9 3.1 4.9 NaN
5 NaN NaN NaN NaN
test_data = '''
c1,c2,c3,'c4'
5.1,,1.4,0.2
4.9,3.0,1.4,0.2
4.7,3.2,,0.2
7.0,3.2,4.7,1.4
6.4,3.2,4.5,1.5
6.9,3.1,4.9,
,,,
'''

from io import StringIO
test_data = StringIO(test_data)    # office把这个字符串读入内存
df = pd.read_csv(test_data)    # 再处理成csv格式
# df.columns = ['c1', 'c2', 'c3', 'c4'] # 可以使用这个添加列标题,但是会覆盖掉最上面一排
df
c1 c2 c3 c4
0 5.1 NaN 1.4 0.2
1 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2
2 4.7 3.2 NaN 0.2
3 7.0 3.2 4.7 1.4
4 6.4 3.2 4.5 1.5
5 6.9 3.1 4.9 NaN
6 NaN NaN NaN NaN
# 这里又成了0是行,1是列
df.dropna(axis=0)
c1 c2 c3 c4
1 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2
3 7.0 3.2 4.7 1.4
4 6.4 3.2 4.5 1.5
df.dropna(axis=1)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
# 把每一排至少有3个正常数据的值打印出来
df.dropna(thresh=3, axis=0)
c1 c2 c3 c4
0 5.1 NaN 1.4 0.2
1 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2
2 4.7 3.2 NaN 0.2
3 7.0 3.2 4.7 1.4
4 6.4 3.2 4.5 1.5
5 6.9 3.1 4.9 NaN
# 把每一列至少有5个正常数据的值打印出来
df.dropna(thresh=5, axis=1)
c1 c2 c3 c4
0 5.1 NaN 1.4 0.2
1 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2
2 4.7 3.2 NaN 0.2
3 7.0 3.2 4.7 1.4
4 6.4 3.2 4.5 1.5
5 6.9 3.1 4.9 NaN
6 NaN NaN NaN NaN
df.columns
Index(['c1', 'c2', 'c3', 'c4'], dtype='object')
# 把c2列中没有缺失值的值打印出来
df.dropna(subset=['c2'])
c1 c2 c3 c4
1 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2
2 4.7 3.2 NaN 0.2
3 7.0 3.2 4.7 1.4
4 6.4 3.2 4.5 1.5
5 6.9 3.1 4.9 NaN
# 打印列标题
df.columns
Index(['c1', 'c2', 'c3', 'c4'], dtype='object')
# 把缺失值全部赋值为0
df.fillna(value=0)
c1 c2 c3 c4
0 5.1 0.0 1.4 0.2
1 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2
2 4.7 3.2 0.0 0.2
3 7.0 3.2 4.7 1.4
4 6.4 3.2 4.5 1.5
5 6.9 3.1 4.9 0.0
6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

合并数据

df1 = pd.DataFrame(np.zeros((3, 4)))
df1
0 1 2 3
0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
df2 = pd.DataFrame(np.ones((3, 4)))
df2
0 1 2 3
0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
# 这里的axis又反了,所以不用记,用之前先去试一下就知道了
pd.concat((df1, df2), axis=0)
0 1 2 3
0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
pd.concat((df1, df2), axis=1)
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3
0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

取值

# 把之前存的excel取出来
df = pd.read_excel('test.xlsx', header=0, index_col=0)

df
tesla transformer chongqiwawa, masaladi
2019-01-01 0.754105 0.096779 0.299980 0.327802
2019-01-02 0.816899 0.286751 0.513483 0.804952
2019-01-03 0.523050 0.410259 0.772978 0.086772
2019-01-04 0.419899 0.535284 0.946628 0.387901
2019-01-05 0.171370 0.921370 0.656765 0.346406
2019-01-06 0.810353 0.945966 0.048220 0.525464
2019-01-07 0.073864 0.951866 0.609959 0.338945
# 按照索引取值
df.loc['2019-01-01']
tesla           0.754105
transformer     0.096779
chongqiwawa,    0.299980
masaladi        0.327802
Name: 2019-01-01 00:00:00, dtype: float64
# 类似于numpy取值
df.iloc[0, 0]
0.7541054007912974
df.iloc[0, :]
tesla           0.754105
transformer     0.096779
chongqiwawa,    0.299980
masaladi        0.327802
Name: 2019-01-01 00:00:00, dtype: float64

把表格传入excel文件中

df.to_excel('test.slsx')

把表格从excel中取出来

df = pd.read_excel('test.xlsx', header=0, index_col=0)

高级(了解)

where,apply

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lucky75/p/11011610.html