例子：该Component依赖于UserService：

export class WelcomeComponent implements OnInit {
  welcome: string;
  constructor(private userService: UserService) { }

  ngOnInit(): void {
    this.welcome = this.userService.isLoggedIn ?
      'Welcome, ' + this.userService.user.name : 'Please log in.';
  }
}

解决方案

在单元测试文件里，创建一个mock UserService：

class MockUserService {
  isLoggedIn = true;
  user = { name: 'Test User'};
}

Then provide and inject both the component and the service in the TestBed configuration.

把要测试的Component和UserService配置在providers数组里，Angular会自动完成依赖注入。

beforeEach(() => {
  TestBed.configureTestingModule({
    // provide the component-under-test and dependent service
    providers: [
      WelcomeComponent,
      { provide: UserService, useClass: MockUserService }
    ]
  });
  // inject both the component and the dependent service.
  comp = TestBed.inject(WelcomeComponent);
  userService = TestBed.inject(UserService);
});

Then exercise the component class, remembering to call the lifecycle hook methods as Angular does when running the app.

记得在单元测试代码里手动调用Component的lifecycle hook方法：

it('should welcome logged in user after Angular calls ngOnInit', () => {
  comp.ngOnInit();
  expect(comp.welcome).toContain(userService.user.name);
});

Angular里如何测试一个具有外部依赖的Component

解决方案