Laravel学习笔记之Artisan命令生成自定义模板的方法

时间:2022-07-27
本文章向大家介绍Laravel学习笔记之Artisan命令生成自定义模板的方法,主要内容包括其使用实例、应用技巧、基本知识点总结和需要注意事项,具有一定的参考价值,需要的朋友可以参考一下。

说明:本文主要讲述Laravel的Artisan命令来实现自定义模板,就如经常输入的php artisan make:controller ShopController就会自动生成一个ShopController.php模板文件一样,通过命令生成模板也会提高开发效率。同时,作者会将开发过程中的一些截图和代码黏上去,提高阅读效率。

备注:个人平时在写Repository代码时会这样写,如先写上ShopRepositoryInterface并定义好接口方法如all()create()update()delete()findBy()等等,然后再写上接口对应的实现ShopRepository并注入对应的Model即Shop。别的PostRepository、TagRepository也会是这么写(当然,对于很多重用的Repository方法可以集体拿到AbstractRepository抽象类里供子类继承,实现代码复用)。那能不能直接命令行生成模板文件呢,就不用自己一个个的写了,就像输入php artisan make:controller PostController给我一个Controller模板来。

关于使用Repository模式来封装下Model逻辑,不让Controller里塞满了很多Model逻辑,这样做是有很多好处的,最主要的就是好测试和代码架构清晰,也符合SOLID原则。如果使用PHPUnit来做测试就知道了为啥说好测试了。SegmentFault上也有相关的文章描述。作者也打算最近新开一篇文章聊一聊这个,PHPUnit也打算过段时间聊一聊。

个人研究了下Artisan命令行,是可以的。经过开发后,结果是输入自定义指令php artisan make:repository PostRepository --model=Post(这个option可要可不要),就会帮我生成一个PostRepositoryInterface和对应的接口实现PostRepository。

模板文件Stub

由于个人需要生成一个RepositoryInterface和对应接口实现Repository,那就需要两个模板文件了。在resources/stubs新建两个模板文件,以下是个人经常需要的两个模板文件(你可以自定义):

 /**
   * @param array $columns
   * @return IlluminateDatabaseEloquentCollection|static[]
   */
  public function all($columns = array('*'))
  {
    return $this- $model_var_name- all($columns);
  }

  /**
   * @param int $perPage
   * @param array $columns
   * @return IlluminateContractsPaginationLengthAwarePaginator
   */
  public function paginate($perPage = 15, $columns = array('*'))
  {
    return $this- $model_var_name- paginate($perPage, $columns);
  }

  /**
   * Create a new $model_var_name
   * @param array $data
   * @return $model_namespace
   */
  public function create(array $data)
  {
    return $this- $model_var_name- create($data);
  }

   /**
    * Update a $model_var_name
    * @param array $data
    * @param $id
    * @return $model_namespace
    */
  public function update($data = [], $id)
  {
    return $this- $model_var_name- whereId($id)- update($data);
  }

  /**
   * Store a $model_var_name
   * @param array $data
   * @return $model_namespace
   */
  public function store($data = [])
  {
    $this- $model_var_name- id = $data['id'];
    //...
    $this- $model_var_name- save();
  }

  /**
   * Delete a $model_var_name
   * @param array $data
   * @param $id
   * @return $model_namespace
   */
  public function delete($data = [], $id)
  {
    $this- $model_var_name- whereId($id)- delete();
  }

  /**
   * @param $id
   * @param array $columns
   * @return array|IlluminateDatabaseEloquentCollection|static[]
   */
  public function find($id, $columns = array('*'))
  {
    $$model_name = $this- $model_var_name- whereId($id)- get($columns);
    return $$model_name;
  }

  /**
   * @param $field
   * @param $value
   * @param array $columns
   * @return IlluminateDatabaseEloquentCollection|static[]
   */
  public function findBy($field, $value, $columns = array('*'))
  {
    $$model_name = $this- $model_var_name- where($field, '=', $value)- get($columns);
    return $$model_name;
  }

}

模板文件里包括参数,这些参数将会根据命令行中输入的参数和选项被相应替换:

复制代码 代码如下:

[‘$repository_namespace’, ‘$model_namespace’, ‘$repository_interface_namespace’, ‘$repository_interface’, ‘$class_name’, ‘$model_name’, ‘$model_var_name’]

Artisan命令生成Repository模板文件

生成Artisan命令并注册

Laravel提供了Artisan命令自定义,输入指令:

php artisan make:console MakeRepositoryCommand

然后改下签名和描述:

// app/Console/Commands/MakeRepositoryCommand
  /**
   * The name and signature of the console command.
   *
   * @var string
   */
  protected $signature = 'make:repository {repository} {--model=}';

  /**
   * The console command description.
   *
   * @var string
   */
  protected $description = 'Make a repository and interface';

这里{repository}是必填参数并指明(选填参数加个?,就和路由参数一样),将会被this- argument(‘repository’)方法捕捉到,{–model=}是选项,可填可不填,将会被this- option(‘model’)方法捕捉到。填上这个命令的描述,最后在Console的Kernel里注册下命令:

// app/Console/Kernel
protected $commands = [
    // CommandsInspire::class,
//    CommandsRedisSubscribe::class,
//    CommandsRedisPublish::class,
//    CommandsMakeTestRepositoryCommand::class,
    CommandsMakeRepositoryCommand::class,
  ];

然后输入php artisan命令后就能看到这个make:repository命令了。

自动化生成RepositoryInterface和Repository文件

在MakeRepositoryCommand.php命令执行文件里写上模板自动生成逻辑,代码也不长,有些逻辑也有注释,可看:

use Config;
use IlluminateConsoleCommand;
use IlluminateFilesystemFilesystem;
use IlluminateSupportComposer;
class MakeRepositoryCommand extends Command
{
/**
* The name and signature of the console command.
*
* @var string
*/
protected $signature = 'make:repository {repository} {--model=}';
/**
* The console command description.
*
* @var string
*/
protected $description = 'Make a repository and interface';
/**
* @var
*/
protected $repository;
/**
* @var
*/
protected $model;
/**
* Create a new command instance.
*
* @param Filesystem $filesystem
* @param Composer $composer
*/
public function __construct(Filesystem $filesystem, Composer $composer)
{
parent::__construct();
$this- files  = $filesystem;
$this- composer = $composer;
}
/**
* Execute the console command.
*
* @return mixed
*/
public function handle()
{
//获取repository和model两个参数值
$argument = $this- argument('repository');
$option  = $this- option('model');
//自动生成RepositoryInterface和Repository文件
$this- writeRepositoryAndInterface($argument, $option);
//重新生成autoload.php文件
$this- composer- dumpAutoloads();
}
private function writeRepositoryAndInterface($repository, $model)
{
if($this- createRepository($repository, $model)){
//若生成成功,则输出信息
$this- info('Success to make a '.ucfirst($repository).' Repository and a '.ucfirst($repository).'Interface Interface');
}
}
private function createRepository($repository, $model)
{
// getter/setter 赋予成员变量值
$this- setRepository($repository);
$this- setModel($model);
// 创建文件存放路径, RepositoryInterface放在app/Repositories,Repository个人一般放在app/Repositories/Eloquent里
$this- createDirectory();
// 生成两个文件
return $this- createClass();
}
private function createDirectory()
{
$directory = $this- getDirectory();
//检查路径是否存在,不存在创建一个,并赋予775权限
if(! $this- files- isDirectory($directory)){
return $this- files- makeDirectory($directory, 0755, true);
}
}
private function getDirectory()
{
return Config::get('repository.directory_eloquent_path');
}
private function createClass()
{
//渲染模板文件,替换模板文件中变量值
$templates = $this- templateStub();
$class   = null;
foreach ($templates as $key =  $template) {
//根据不同路径,渲染对应的模板文件
$class = $this- files- put($this- getPath($key), $template);
}
return $class;
}
private function getPath($class)
{
// 两个模板文件,对应的两个路径
$path = null;
switch($class){
case 'Eloquent':
$path = $this- getDirectory().DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$this- getRepositoryName().'.php';
break;
case 'Interface':
$path = $this- getInterfaceDirectory().DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$this- getInterfaceName().'.php';
break;
}
return $path;
}
private function getInterfaceDirectory()
{
return Config::get('repository.directory_path');
}
private function getRepositoryName()
{
// 根据输入的repository变量参数,是否需要加上'Repository'
$repositoryName = $this- getRepository();
if((strlen($repositoryName) < strlen('Repository')) || strrpos($repositoryName, 'Repository', -11)){
$repositoryName .= 'Repository';
}
return $repositoryName;
}
private function getInterfaceName()
{
return $this- getRepositoryName().'Interface';
}
/**
* @return mixed
*/
public function getRepository()
{
return $this- repository;
}
/**
* @param mixed $repository
*/
public function setRepository($repository)
{
$this- repository = $repository;
}
/**
* @return mixed
*/
public function getModel()
{
return $this- model;
}
/**
* @param mixed $model
*/
public function setModel($model)
{
$this- model = $model;
}
private function templateStub()
{
// 获取两个模板文件
$stubs    = $this- getStub();
// 获取需要替换的模板文件中变量
$templateData = $this- getTemplateData();
$renderStubs = [];
foreach ($stubs as $key =  $stub) {
// 进行模板渲染
$renderStubs[$key] = $this- getRenderStub($templateData, $stub);
}
return $renderStubs;
}
private function getStub()
{
$stubs = [
'Eloquent' =  $this- files- get(resource_path('stubs/Repository').DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'Eloquent'.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'repository.stub'),
'Interface' =  $this- files- get(resource_path('stubs/Repository').DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'repository_interface.stub'),
];
return $stubs;
}
private function getTemplateData()
{
$repositoryNamespace     = Config::get('repository.repository_namespace');
$modelNamespace        = 'App\'.$this- getModelName();
$repositoryInterfaceNamespace = Config::get('repository.repository_interface_namespace');
$repositoryInterface     = $this- getInterfaceName();
$className          = $this- getRepositoryName();
$modelName          = $this- getModelName();
$templateVar = [
'repository_namespace'      =  $repositoryNamespace,
'model_namespace'        =  $modelNamespace,
'repository_interface_namespace' =  $repositoryInterfaceNamespace,
'repository_interface'      =  $repositoryInterface,
'class_name'           =  $className,
'model_name'           =  $modelName,
'model_var_name'         =  strtolower($modelName),
];
return $templateVar;
}
private function getRenderStub($templateData, $stub)
{
foreach ($templateData as $search =  $replace) {
$stub = str_replace('$'.$search, $replace, $stub);
}
return $stub;
}
private function getModelName()
{
$modelName = $this- getModel();
if(isset($modelName) && !empty($modelName)){
$modelName = ucfirst($modelName);
}else{
// 若option选项没写,则根据repository来生成Model Name
$modelName = $this- getModelFromRepository();
}
return $modelName;
}
private function getModelFromRepository()
{
$repository = strtolower($this- getRepository());
$repository = str_replace('repository', '', $repository);
return ucfirst($repository);
}
}

这里把一些常量值放在config/repository.php配置文件里了:

<?php
/**
* Created by PhpStorm.
* User: liuxiang
* Date: 16/6/22
* Time: 17:06
*/
return [
'directory_path' =  'App'.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'Repositories',
'directory_eloquent_path' =  'App'.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'Repositories'.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'Eloquent',
'repository_namespace' =  'AppRepositoriesEloquent',
'repository_interface_namespace' =  'AppRepositories',
];

运行一下看可不可以吧,这里截个图:

It is working!!!

是可以生成RepositoryInterface和对应的接口实现文件,这里一个是加了–model选项一个没加的,没加的话这里第一个指令就默认Model的名称是Shop。

生成的文件内容不截图了,看下新生成的ShopRepository.php文件,的确是我想要的模板文件:

<?php
/**
* Created by PhpStorm.
* User: liuxiang
*/
namespace AppRepositoriesEloquent;
use AppShop;
use AppRepositoriesShopRepositoryInterface;
class ShopRepository implements ShopRepositoryInterface
{
/**
* @var AppShop
*/
public $shop;
public function __construct(Shop $shop)
{
$this- shop = $shop;
}
/**
* @param array $columns
* @return IlluminateDatabaseEloquentCollection|static[]
*/
public function all($columns = array('*'))
{
return $this- shop- all($columns);
}
/**
* @param int $perPage
* @param array $columns
* @return IlluminateContractsPaginationLengthAwarePaginator
*/
public function paginate($perPage = 15, $columns = array('*'))
{
return $this- shop- paginate($perPage, $columns);
}
/**
* Create a new shop
* @param array $data
* @return AppShop
*/
public function create(array $data)
{
return $this- shop- create($data);
}
/**
* Update a shop
* @param array $data
* @param $id
* @return AppShop
*/
public function update($data = [], $id)
{
return $this- shop- whereId($id)- update($data);
}
/**
* Store a shop
* @param array $data
* @return AppShop
*/
public function store($data = [])
{
$this- shop- id = $data['id'];
//...
$this- shop- save();
}
/**
* Delete a shop
* @param array $data
* @param $id
* @return AppShop
*/
public function delete($data = [], $id)
{
$this- shop- whereId($id)- delete();
}
/**
* @param $id
* @param array $columns
* @return array|IlluminateDatabaseEloquentCollection|static[]
*/
public function find($id, $columns = array('*'))
{
$Shop = $this- shop- whereId($id)- get($columns);
return $Shop;
}
/**
* @param $field
* @param $value
* @param array $columns
* @return IlluminateDatabaseEloquentCollection|static[]
*/
public function findBy($field, $value, $columns = array('*'))
{
$Shop = $this- shop- where($field, '=', $value)- get($columns);
return $Shop;
}
}

总结:本文主要用Laravel的Artisan命令来自动生成个人需要的模板,减少平时开发中重复劳动。就像Laravel自带了很多模板生成命令,用起来会节省很多时间。这是作者在平时开发中遇到的问题,通过利用Laravel Artisan命令解决了,所以Laravel还是挺好玩的。有兴趣的可以把代码扒下来玩一玩,并根据你自己想要的模板做修改。这两天想就Repository模式封装Model逻辑的方法和好处聊一聊,到时见。希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持ZaLou.Cn