Python 3.7 自动化接口测试简单实例

本篇主要根据实际业务，在本地简单实现了读取测试数据，执行自动化接口测试，写入结果数据。

实际项目中用python脚本实现接口测试的步骤：

1.读取测试数据 , 对数据进行必要的处理-> 2.发送请求，获取token -> 3.请求业务接口，断言响应数据是否与预期一致 -> 4.请求数据&响应结果保存在本地

测试数据样例（Key-Value）

appId:xxx,appSecret:xxx,productId:xxx,accessId:xxx,idCode:xxx,mobile:xxx,name:xxx

一、读取测试数据,对数据进行必要的处理

首先我们需要先读取文件，去除首尾空格，然后切割中间“,”得到list，并做对于请求异常做处理。

def read_file(filename):
    file = open(filename,"r+",encoding='utf-8')
    list_1=[]
    try:
        for items in file.readlines():
            dict_1={}
            for item in items.strip("n").split(","):               # 去除首尾空格，然后切割中间“,”得到list
                dict_1[item.split(":",1)[0]]=item.split(":",1)[1]   # 原型：dict[key]=value and list.split["",](得到list)
            list_1.append(dict_1)
        print("获取参数",list_1)
    except ValueError:
        print("-----参数参数失败-----")
    return list_1

二、发送请求，获取token - Get方式

构建request请求，在这里加入请求头，延迟时间，请求参数。并做对预期结果做检验和请求异常处理。

def get_token(url, data = None):
    header1 = {
        "Connection": "keep-alive",
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.99 Safari/537.36",
        "Host": "10.8.18.171:20220",
    }
    timeout = random.choice(range(80, 100))
    while True:
        try:
            response = requests.get(url, headers=header1, timeout=timeout, params=data)
            jsonstr = json.loads(response.text)
            print("获取token响应结果",jsonstr)
            code = jsonstr["code"]
            message = jsonstr["message"]
            token = jsonstr["token"]
            assert message == "成功" or code == 1
            print('-----pass_1------')
            break
        except socket.timeout as e:
            print(e)
            time.sleep(random.choice(range(20, 60)))
        except socket.error as e:
            print(e)
            time.sleep(random.choice(range(0, 60)))
        except http.client.BadStatusLine as e:
            print(e)
            time.sleep(random.choice(range(30, 60)))
        except http.client.IncompleteRead as e:
            print(e)
            time.sleep(random.choice(range(20, 60)))
        except ValueError:
            print("-----fail-----")
    return token

三、请求业务接口 - Post，断言响应数据是否与预期一致

业务接口和上一个接口类似，用Post请求方式传递Json，请求头参数需要关联token以及其他必要参数。并做对预期结果做检验和请求异常处理。

def post_data(url, jsondata = None,token= None):
    header2 = {
        "Connection": "close",
        "token": token,
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.99 Safari/537.36",
        "Content-Type": "application/json;charset=UTF-8",
        "X-User-IP": "8.8.8.8",
        "Host": "10.8.18.171:20220",
    }
    timeout = random.choice(range(80, 100))
    values_json = json.dumps(jsondata)
    print(values_json)
    while True:
        try:
            result = []
            response1 = requests.post(url, headers=header2, timeout=timeout, data=values_json)
            jsonstr = json.loads(response1.text)
            print("查询响应结果",jsonstr)
            resultCode = jsonstr["resultCode"]
            resultBody = jsonstr["resultBody"]
            assert resultBody == "匹配" and resultCode == 1000
            print('-----pass_2------')
            values_json = json.loads(values_json)
            result.append(values_json)
            result.append(jsonstr)
            break
        except socket.timeout as e:
            print(e)
            time.sleep(random.choice(range(20, 60)))
        except socket.error as e:
            print(e)
            time.sleep(random.choice(range(0, 60)))
        except http.client.BadStatusLine as e:
            print(e)
            time.sleep(random.choice(range(30, 60)))
        except http.client.IncompleteRead as e:
            print(e)
            time.sleep(random.choice(range(20, 60)))
        except ValueError:
            print("-----fail-----")
    return result

四、请求数据&响应结果保存在本地

def data_output(info, filename):
    with open(filename,'a',errors='ignore', newline='') as f:
        f_csv = csv.writer(f)
        f_csv.writerow(info)
        print("-----pass_3------")
        print("写入成功")

五、执行

读取文件中的测试数据，for循环依次取出参数，组装测试数据，请求测试接口，保存请求报文和响应报文。

if __name__ == '__main__':
    temp = read_file("testdata.txt")
    for i in temp:
        payload = {'appId':i['appId'], 'appSecret':i['appSecret']}
        token = get_token(token_url,payload)
        jsondata = {
            "productId":i['productId'],
            "accessId":i['accessId'],
            "customBody":
                {
                    "idCode": i['idCode'],
                    "mobile": i['mobile'],
                    "name": i['name']
            }
    }
        response = post_data(cash_one,jsondata,token)
        print(response)
        data_output(response,'test.csv')

日志输出示例

C:Python37python.exe "E:/Python Study/20190902.py"
/*
* 提示：该行代码过长，系统自动注释不进行高亮。一键复制会移除系统注释 
* 获取参数 [{'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘德华'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘背'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '王慧娟'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘德华'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘德华'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673944532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘德'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘德华'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘华'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673470532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘德华'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘芳君'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘德华'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '安帅印'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673950532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘德华'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '王嘉莹'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘解决'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘德华'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘德华'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘他'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘德华'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘德华'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘德华'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '王晋春'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘德华'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘德华'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘德华'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘德华'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘德华'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘德华'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘德华'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘德华'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '宋利荣'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘德华'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘德华'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘德华'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '宋腾达'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘德华'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘德华'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘德华'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘德华'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘德华'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘德华'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘德华'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘德华'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘德华'}, {'appId': '354b54962c5c4ae286a1138e778bff05', 'appSecret': '6c814', 'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘德华'}]
*/
获取token响应结果 {'code': 1, 'message': '成功', 'token': 'eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.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.oVlkRHUf_SyzxdVWnRUmXvJPVFyeZIzGbtTPddtewHo'}
-----pass_1------
{"productId": "30000187", "accessId": "15673940532091", "customBody": {"idCode": "413027196109271110", "mobile": "16612345678", "name": "u5218u5fb7u534e"}}
查询响应结果 {'resultCode': 1000, 'resultBody': '匹配', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'transationId': '04ed2274d2077988'}
-----pass_2------
[{'productId': '30000187', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'customBody': {'idCode': '413027196109271110', 'mobile': '16612345678', 'name': '刘德华'}}, {'resultCode': 1000, 'resultBody': '匹配', 'accessId': '15673940532091', 'transationId': '04ed2274d2077988'}]
-----pass_3------
写入成功

执行保存结果 (请求报文&响应结果)