基础知识 | R语言绘图保存的pdf图片无法显示中文怎么办？

时间:2022-07-22
本文章向大家介绍基础知识 | R语言绘图保存的pdf图片无法显示中文怎么办？，主要内容包括其使用实例、应用技巧、基本知识点总结和需要注意事项，具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友可以参考一下。

R语言绘图基础之图形保存

在用ggplot2绘图时，经常发现图片中的中文无法显示或者中文字体格式不对，这种情况下，展现的图片是残缺不全的，为了解决R语言图片保存时，无法显示中文的问题，现对showtext()和Cairo包进行简单的运用。

01

常见方法

> library(showtext)
> font_files()#显示中文字体有哪些？
              path                            file                  family
1   /Library/Fonts                     Al Nile.ttc                 Al Nile
2   /Library/Fonts                   Al Tarikh.ttc               Al Tarikh
3   /Library/Fonts                     AlBayan.ttc                Al Bayan
4   /Library/Fonts          AmericanTypewriter.ttc     American Typewriter
5   /Library/Fonts                 Andale Mono.ttf             Andale Mono
6   /Library/Fonts              Apple Chancery.ttf          Apple Chancery
7   /Library/Fonts                 AppleGothic.ttf             AppleGothic
8   /Library/Fonts                AppleMyungjo.ttf            AppleMyungjo
9   /Library/Fonts                 Arial Black.ttf             Arial Black
10  /Library/Fonts           Arial Bold Italic.ttf                   Arial
11  /Library/Fonts                  Arial Bold.ttf                   Arial
12  /Library/Fonts                Arial Italic.ttf                   Arial
13  /Library/Fonts    Arial Narrow Bold Italic.ttf            Arial Narrow
14  /Library/Fonts           Arial Narrow Bold.ttf            Arial Narrow
15  /Library/Fonts         Arial Narrow Italic.ttf            Arial Narrow
16  /Library/Fonts                Arial Narrow.ttf            Arial Narrow
17  /Library/Fonts          Arial Rounded Bold.ttf   Arial Rounded MT Bold
18  /Library/Fonts               Arial Unicode.ttf        Arial Unicode MS
19  /Library/Fonts                       Arial.ttf                   Arial
20  /Library/Fonts                     Athelas.ttc                 Athelas
21  /Library/Fonts                    Ayuthaya.ttf                Ayuthaya
22  /Library/Fonts                     Baghdad.ttc                 Baghdad
23  /Library/Fonts                   Bangla MN.ttc               Bangla MN
24  /Library/Fonts            Bangla Sangam MN.ttc        Bangla Sangam MN
25  /Library/Fonts                 Baskerville.ttc             Baskerville
26  /Library/Fonts                      Beirut.ttc                  Beirut
27  /Library/Fonts                   BigCaslon.ttf              Big Caslon
28  /Library/Fonts                Bodoni 72 OS.ttc      Bodoni 72 Oldstyle
29  /Library/Fonts    Bodoni 72 Smallcaps Book.ttf     Bodoni 72 Smallcaps
30  /Library/Fonts                   Bodoni 72.ttc               Bodoni 72
31  /Library/Fonts            Bodoni Ornaments.ttf        Bodoni Ornaments
32  /Library/Fonts           Bradley Hand Bold.ttf            Bradley Hand
33  /Library/Fonts                Brush Script.ttf         Brush Script MT
34  /Library/Fonts                  Chalkboard.ttc              Chalkboard
35  /Library/Fonts                ChalkboardSE.ttc           Chalkboard SE
36  /Library/Fonts                 Chalkduster.ttf             Chalkduster
37  /Library/Fonts                     Charter.ttc                 Charter
38  /Library/Fonts                      Cochin.ttc                  Cochin
39  /Library/Fonts          Comic Sans MS Bold.ttf           Comic Sans MS
40  /Library/Fonts               Comic Sans MS.ttf           Comic Sans MS
41  /Library/Fonts                 Copperplate.ttc             Copperplate
42  /Library/Fonts                     Corsiva.ttc          Corsiva Hebrew
43  /Library/Fonts     Courier New Bold Italic.ttf             Courier New
44  /Library/Fonts            Courier New Bold.ttf             Courier New
45  /Library/Fonts          Courier New Italic.ttf             Courier New
46  /Library/Fonts                 Courier New.ttf             Courier New
47  /Library/Fonts                    Damascus.ttc                Damascus
48  /Library/Fonts               DecoTypeNaskh.ttc          DecoType Naskh
49  /Library/Fonts        Devanagari Sangam MN.ttc    Devanagari Sangam MN
50  /Library/Fonts                DevanagariMT.ttc           Devanagari MT
51  /Library/Fonts                       Didot.ttc                   Didot
52  /Library/Fonts          DIN Alternate Bold.ttf           DIN Alternate
53  /Library/Fonts          DIN Condensed Bold.ttf           DIN Condensed
54  /Library/Fonts                  Diwan Kufi.ttc              Diwan Kufi
55  /Library/Fonts               Diwan Thuluth.ttf           Diwan Thuluth
56  /Library/Fonts                 EuphemiaCAS.ttc           Euphemia UCAS
57  /Library/Fonts                       Farah.ttc                   Farah
58  /Library/Fonts                      Farisi.ttf                  Farisi
59  /Library/Fonts                      Futura.ttc                  Futura
60  /Library/Fonts         Georgia Bold Italic.ttf                 Georgia
61  /Library/Fonts                Georgia Bold.ttf                 Georgia
62  /Library/Fonts              Georgia Italic.ttf                 Georgia
63  /Library/Fonts                     Georgia.ttf                 Georgia
64  /Library/Fonts                    GillSans.ttc               Gill Sans
65  /Library/Fonts          Gujarati Sangam MN.ttc      Gujarati Sangam MN
66  /Library/Fonts                  GujaratiMT.ttc             Gujarati MT
67  /Library/Fonts                 Gurmukhi MN.ttc             Gurmukhi MN
68  /Library/Fonts          Gurmukhi Sangam MN.ttc      Gurmukhi Sangam MN
69  /Library/Fonts                    Gurmukhi.ttf             Gurmukhi MT
70  /Library/Fonts                  Herculanum.ttf              Herculanum
71  /Library/Fonts      Hoefler Text Ornaments.ttf            Hoefler Text
72  /Library/Fonts                Hoefler Text.ttc            Hoefler Text
73  /Library/Fonts                      Impact.ttf                  Impact
74  /Library/Fonts                InaiMathi-MN.ttc               InaiMathi
75  /Library/Fonts             Iowan Old Style.ttc         Iowan Old Style
76  /Library/Fonts               ITFDevanagari.ttc          ITF Devanagari
77  /Library/Fonts                     Kailasa.ttc                 Kailasa
78  /Library/Fonts                  Kannada MN.ttc              Kannada MN
79  /Library/Fonts           Kannada Sangam MN.ttc       Kannada Sangam MN
80  /Library/Fonts                        Kefa.ttc                    Kefa
81  /Library/Fonts                    Khmer MN.ttc                Khmer MN
82  /Library/Fonts             Khmer Sangam MN.ttf         Khmer Sangam MN
83  /Library/Fonts                     Kokonor.ttf                 Kokonor
84  /Library/Fonts                   Krungthep.ttf               Krungthep
85  /Library/Fonts              KufiStandardGK.ttc          KufiStandardGK
86  /Library/Fonts                      Lao MN.ttc                  Lao MN
87  /Library/Fonts               Lao Sangam MN.ttf           Lao Sangam MN
88  /Library/Fonts                    Luminari.ttf                Luminari
89  /Library/Fonts                Malayalam MN.ttc            Malayalam MN
90  /Library/Fonts         Malayalam Sangam MN.ttc     Malayalam Sangam MN
91  /Library/Fonts                      Marion.ttc                  Marion
92  /Library/Fonts        Microsoft Sans Serif.ttf    Microsoft Sans Serif
93  /Library/Fonts                Mishafi Gold.ttf            Mishafi Gold
94  /Library/Fonts                     Mishafi.ttf                 Mishafi
95  /Library/Fonts                    Mshtakan.ttc                Mshtakan
96  /Library/Fonts                        Muna.ttc                    Muna
97  /Library/Fonts                  Myanmar MN.ttc              Myanmar MN
98  /Library/Fonts           Myanmar Sangam MN.ttc       Myanmar Sangam MN
99  /Library/Fonts                      Nadeem.ttc                  Nadeem
100 /Library/Fonts                NewPeninimMT.ttc          New Peninim MT
101 /Library/Fonts                   NISC18030.ttf          GB18030 Bitmap
102 /Library/Fonts                    Oriya MN.ttc                Oriya MN
103 /Library/Fonts             Oriya Sangam MN.ttc         Oriya Sangam MN
104 /Library/Fonts                     Papyrus.ttc                 Papyrus
105 /Library/Fonts                   Phosphate.ttc               Phosphate
106 /Library/Fonts         PlantagenetCherokee.ttf    Plantagenet Cherokee
107 /Library/Fonts                      PTMono.ttc                 PT Mono
108 /Library/Fonts                      PTSans.ttc                 PT Sans
109 /Library/Fonts                     PTSerif.ttc                PT Serif
110 /Library/Fonts              PTSerifCaption.ttc        PT Serif Caption
111 /Library/Fonts                     Raanana.ttc                 Raanana
112 /Library/Fonts                        Sana.ttc                    Sana
113 /Library/Fonts                       Sathu.ttf                   Sathu
114 /Library/Fonts                  Savoye LET.ttc              Savoye LET
115 /Library/Fonts                     Seravek.ttc                 Seravek
116 /Library/Fonts                    Shree714.ttc    Shree Devanagari 714
117 /Library/Fonts                 SignPainter.ttc SignPainter-HouseScript
118 /Library/Fonts                       Silom.ttf                   Silom
119 /Library/Fonts                  Sinhala MN.ttc              Sinhala MN
120 /Library/Fonts           Sinhala Sangam MN.ttc       Sinhala Sangam MN
121 /Library/Fonts                        Skia.ttf                    Skia
122 /Library/Fonts              SnellRoundhand.ttc         Snell Roundhand
123 /Library/Fonts                      Songti.ttc               Songti SC
124 /Library/Fonts                 STIXGeneral.otf             STIXGeneral
125 /Library/Fonts              STIXGeneralBol.otf             STIXGeneral
126 /Library/Fonts           STIXGeneralBolIta.otf             STIXGeneral
127 /Library/Fonts           STIXGeneralItalic.otf             STIXGeneral
128 /Library/Fonts                 STIXIntDBol.otf          STIXIntegralsD
129 /Library/Fonts                 STIXIntDReg.otf          STIXIntegralsD
130 /Library/Fonts                STIXIntSmBol.otf         STIXIntegralsSm
131 /Library/Fonts                STIXIntSmReg.otf         STIXIntegralsSm
132 /Library/Fonts                STIXIntUpBol.otf         STIXIntegralsUp
133 /Library/Fonts               STIXIntUpDBol.otf        STIXIntegralsUpD
134 /Library/Fonts               STIXIntUpDReg.otf        STIXIntegralsUpD
135 /Library/Fonts                STIXIntUpReg.otf         STIXIntegralsUp
136 /Library/Fonts              STIXIntUpSmBol.otf       STIXIntegralsUpSm
137 /Library/Fonts              STIXIntUpSmReg.otf       STIXIntegralsUpSm
138 /Library/Fonts                  STIXNonUni.otf          STIXNonUnicode
139 /Library/Fonts               STIXNonUniBol.otf          STIXNonUnicode
140 /Library/Fonts            STIXNonUniBolIta.otf          STIXNonUnicode
141 /Library/Fonts               STIXNonUniIta.otf          STIXNonUnicode
142 /Library/Fonts           STIXSizFiveSymReg.otf         STIXSizeFiveSym
143 /Library/Fonts           STIXSizFourSymBol.otf         STIXSizeFourSym
144 /Library/Fonts           STIXSizFourSymReg.otf         STIXSizeFourSym
145 /Library/Fonts            STIXSizOneSymBol.otf          STIXSizeOneSym
146 /Library/Fonts            STIXSizOneSymReg.otf          STIXSizeOneSym
147 /Library/Fonts          STIXSizThreeSymBol.otf        STIXSizeThreeSym
148 /Library/Fonts          STIXSizThreeSymReg.otf        STIXSizeThreeSym
149 /Library/Fonts            STIXSizTwoSymBol.otf          STIXSizeTwoSym
150 /Library/Fonts            STIXSizTwoSymReg.otf          STIXSizeTwoSym
151 /Library/Fonts                     STIXVar.otf            STIXVariants
152 /Library/Fonts                  STIXVarBol.otf            STIXVariants
153 /Library/Fonts                SukhumvitSet.ttc           Sukhumvit Set
154 /Library/Fonts              SuperClarendon.ttc          Superclarendon
155 /Library/Fonts                 Tahoma Bold.ttf                  Tahoma
156 /Library/Fonts                      Tahoma.ttf                  Tahoma
157 /Library/Fonts                    Tamil MN.ttc                Tamil MN
158 /Library/Fonts             Tamil Sangam MN.ttc         Tamil Sangam MN
159 /Library/Fonts                TeamViewer13.otf            TeamViewer13
160 /Library/Fonts                   Telugu MN.ttc               Telugu MN
161 /Library/Fonts            Telugu Sangam MN.ttc        Telugu Sangam MN
162 /Library/Fonts Times New Roman Bold Italic.ttf         Times New Roman
163 /Library/Fonts        Times New Roman Bold.ttf         Times New Roman
164 /Library/Fonts      Times New Roman Italic.ttf         Times New Roman
165 /Library/Fonts             Times New Roman.ttf         Times New Roman
166 /Library/Fonts                 Trattatello.ttf             Trattatello
           face         version                      ps_name
1       Regular        13.0d2e2                       AlNile
2       Regular        13.0d2e1                     AlTarikh
3         Plain        13.0d1e6                      AlBayan
4       Regular        13.0d1e4           AmericanTypewriter
5       Regular   Version 2.00x                   AndaleMono
6      Chancery        13.0d1e4               Apple-Chancery
7       Regular        13.0d1e3                  AppleGothic
8       Regular        13.0d1e6                 AppleMyungjo
9       Regular Version 5.00.1x                  Arial-Black
10  Bold Italic Version 5.00.2x           Arial-BoldItalicMT
11         Bold Version 5.01.2x                 Arial-BoldMT
12       Italic Version 5.00.2x               Arial-ItalicMT
13  Bold Italic Version 2.38.1x       ArialNarrow-BoldItalic
14         Bold Version 2.38.1x             ArialNarrow-Bold
15       Italic Version 2.38.1x           ArialNarrow-Italic
16      Regular Version 2.38.1x                  ArialNarrow
17      Regular   Version 1.51x           ArialRoundedMTBold
18      Regular   Version 1.01x               ArialUnicodeMS
19      Regular Version 5.01.2x                      ArialMT
20      Regular        13.0d1e3              Athelas-Regular
21      Regular        13.0d1e7                     Ayuthaya
22      Regular        13.0d1e5                      Baghdad
23      Regular        13.0d1e5                     BanglaMN
24      Regular        13.0d1e5               BanglaSangamMN
25      Regular       13.0d1e10                  Baskerville
26      Regular        13.0d1e6                       Beirut
27       Medium       13.0d1e11             BigCaslon-Medium
28         Book        13.0d2e1    BodoniSvtyTwoOSITCTT-Book
29         Book        13.0d2e1    BodoniSvtyTwoSCITCTT-Book
30         Book        13.0d2e1      BodoniSvtyTwoITCTT-Book
31      Regular        13.0d2e1         BodoniOrnamentsITCTT
32         Bold        13.0d1e2        BradleyHandITCTT-Bold
33       Italic Version 1.52x-1                BrushScriptMT
34      Regular        13.0d1e2                   Chalkboard
35        Light        13.0d1e2           ChalkboardSE-Light
36      Regular        13.0d2e1                  Chalkduster
37        Roman        13.0d1e3                Charter-Roman
38      Regular        13.0d2e1                       Cochin
39         Bold   Version 5.00x             ComicSansMS-Bold
40      Regular   Version 5.00x                  ComicSansMS
41      Regular        13.0d1e2                  Copperplate
42      Regular        13.0d1e4                CorsivaHebrew
43  Bold Italic   Version 5.00x    CourierNewPS-BoldItalicMT
44         Bold Version 5.00.2x          CourierNewPS-BoldMT
45       Italic Version 5.00.1x        CourierNewPS-ItalicMT
46      Regular Version 5.00.2x               CourierNewPSMT
47      Regular        13.0d3e9                     Damascus
48      Regular        13.0d1e4                DecoTypeNaskh
49      Regular        13.0d1e2           DevanagariSangamMN
50      Regular        13.0d1e3                 DevanagariMT
51      Regular        13.0d1e3                        Didot
52         Bold        13.0d1e2            DINAlternate-Bold
53         Bold        13.2d1e1            DINCondensed-Bold
54      Regular        13.0d2e1                    DiwanKufi
55      Regular        13.0d1e5                 DiwanThuluth
56      Regular        13.0d1e2                 EuphemiaUCAS
57      Regular        13.0d2e3                        Farah
58      Regular        13.0d1e3                       Farisi
59       Medium        13.0d1e3                Futura-Medium
60  Bold Italic Version 5.00x-4           Georgia-BoldItalic
61         Bold Version 5.00x-4                 Georgia-Bold
62       Italic Version 5.00x-4               Georgia-Italic
63      Regular Version 5.00x-4                      Georgia
64      Regular        13.0d1e4                     GillSans
65      Regular        13.0d2e1             GujaratiSangamMN
66      Regular        13.0d1e2                   GujaratiMT
67      Regular        13.0d2e1                   GurmukhiMN
68      Regular        13.0d1e3             GurmukhiSangamMN
69      Regular        13.0d1e4             MonotypeGurmukhi
70      Regular        13.0d1e2                   Herculanum
71    Ornaments       13.0d2e20        HoeflerText-Ornaments
72      Regular       13.0d2e20          HoeflerText-Regular
73      Regular   Version 5.00x                       Impact
74      Regular        13.0d1e5                    InaiMathi
75        Roman        13.0d1e4          IowanOldStyle-Roman
76         Book        13.0d3e1           ITFDevanagari-Book
77      Regular        13.0d1e3                      Kailasa
78      Regular        13.0d2e1                    KannadaMN
79      Regular        13.0d2e1              KannadaSangamMN
80      Regular        13.0d1e3                 Kefa-Regular
81      Regular        13.0d1e3                      KhmerMN
82      Regular        13.0d1e4                KhmerSangamMN
83      Regular        13.0d1e3                      Kokonor
84      Regular        13.0d2e1                    Krungthep
85      Regular       13.0d1e11               KufiStandardGK
86      Regular        13.0d1e5                        LaoMN
87      Regular        13.0d1e3                  LaoSangamMN
88      Regular        13.0d1e2             Luminari-Regular
89      Regular        13.0d4e1                  MalayalamMN
90      Regular        13.0d4e1            MalayalamSangamMN
91      Regular        13.0d1e2               Marion-Regular
92      Regular Version 5.00.1x           MicrosoftSansSerif
93      Regular        13.0d2e1             DiwanMishafiGold
94      Regular        13.0d2e1                 DiwanMishafi
95      Regular        13.0d1e3                     Mshtakan
96      Regular        13.0d1e4                         Muna
97      Regular        13.0d1e2                    MyanmarMN
98      Regular        13.0d1e2              MyanmarSangamMN
99      Regular        13.0d1e3                       Nadeem
100     Regular        13.0d1e4                 NewPeninimMT
101     Regular        13.0d1e1                GB18030Bitmap
102     Regular        13.0d3e1                      OriyaMN
103     Regular        13.0d3e1                OriyaSangamMN
104   Condensed        13.0d1e2            Papyrus-Condensed
105      Inline        13.0d1e2             Phosphate-Inline
106     Regular        13.0d1e3          PlantagenetCherokee
107        Bold        13.0d2e4                  PTMono-Bold
108     Regular        13.0d3e2               PTSans-Regular
109     Regular        13.0d2e1              PTSerif-Regular
110     Regular        13.0d2e1              PTSerif-Caption
111     Regular        13.0d1e3                      Raanana
112     Regular        13.0d1e4                         Sana
113     Regular        13.0d1e2                        Sathu
114       Plain        13.0d2e4               SavoyeLetPlain
115     Regular        13.0d3e2                      Seravek
116     Regular        13.0d2e1                 ShreeDev0714
117     Regular        13.0d1e5      SignPainter-HouseScript
118     Regular        13.0d2e1                        Silom
119     Regular        13.0d1e2                    SinhalaMN
120     Regular        13.0d1e2              SinhalaSangamMN
121     Regular       13.0d1e54                 Skia-Regular
122     Regular        13.0d1e1               SnellRoundhand
123       Black        13.0d3e2            STSongti-SC-Black
124     Regular   Version 1.1.0          STIXGeneral-Regular
125        Bold   Version 1.1.0             STIXGeneral-Bold
126 Bold Italic   Version 1.1.0       STIXGeneral-BoldItalic
127      Italic   Version 1.1.0           STIXGeneral-Italic
128        Bold   Version 1.1.0          STIXIntegralsD-Bold
129     Regular   Version 1.1.0       STIXIntegralsD-Regular
130        Bold   Version 1.1.0         STIXIntegralsSm-Bold
131     Regular   Version 1.1.0      STIXIntegralsSm-Regular
132        Bold   Version 1.1.0         STIXIntegralsUp-Bold
133        Bold   Version 1.1.0        STIXIntegralsUpD-Bold
134     Regular   Version 1.1.0     STIXIntegralsUpD-Regular
135     Regular   Version 1.1.0      STIXIntegralsUp-Regular
136        Bold   Version 1.1.0       STIXIntegralsUpSm-Bold
137     Regular   Version 1.1.0    STIXIntegralsUpSm-Regular
138     Regular   Version 1.1.0       STIXNonUnicode-Regular
139        Bold   Version 1.1.0          STIXNonUnicode-Bold
140 Bold Italic   Version 1.1.0    STIXNonUnicode-BoldItalic
141      Italic   Version 1.1.0        STIXNonUnicode-Italic
142     Regular   Version 1.1.0      STIXSizeFiveSym-Regular
143        Bold   Version 1.1.0         STIXSizeFourSym-Bold
144     Regular   Version 1.1.0      STIXSizeFourSym-Regular
145        Bold   Version 1.1.0          STIXSizeOneSym-Bold
146     Regular   Version 1.1.0       STIXSizeOneSym-Regular
147        Bold   Version 1.1.0        STIXSizeThreeSym-Bold
148     Regular   Version 1.1.0     STIXSizeThreeSym-Regular
149        Bold   Version 1.1.0          STIXSizeTwoSym-Bold
150     Regular   Version 1.1.0       STIXSizeTwoSym-Regular
151     Regular   Version 1.1.0         STIXVariants-Regular
152        Bold   Version 1.1.0            STIXVariants-Bold
153        Thin        13.0d1e6            SukhumvitSet-Thin
154     Regular        13.0d1e4       Superclarendon-Regular
155        Bold Version 5.01.1x                  Tahoma-Bold
156     Regular Version 5.01.2x                       Tahoma
157     Regular        13.0d2e1                      TamilMN
158     Regular       13.0d2e14                TamilSangamMN
159      Medium Version 013.10                  TeamViewer13
160     Regular        13.0d1e3                     TeluguMN
161     Regular        13.0d1e5               TeluguSangamMN
162 Bold Italic Version 5.00.3x TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT
163        Bold Version 5.01.3x       TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT
164      Italic Version 5.00.3x     TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT
165     Regular Version 5.01.3x            TimesNewRomanPSMT
166     Regular        13.0d2e2                  Trattatello
 [ reached 'max' / getOption("max.print") -- omitted 14 rows ]
quartz(family = "STXihei")
#选择中文显示的字体格式STXihei
>ggplot(data=mydata1,aes(City,Age))+geom_bar(stat="identity",width=0.8,colour="black",size=0.25,fill="red",alpha=1)
#若想使得ggplot绘制的图片中的中文能够显示
一定要先运行quartz()，否则无法实现效果。

02

高级方法 

install.packages("Cairo")

#安装Cairo，一定要在网络流畅的情况下安装，否则很容易失败，错误情况查看往期文章的文末“疫”外收获-nCov2019全球疫情之南丁格尔玫瑰图。

library(Cairo)#加载Cairo
CairoPDF("char_1.pdf")
#pdf图片保存的文件名称，除了pdf格式外，还可以 保存png，jpeg。
ggplot(data=mydata1,aes(City,Age))+geom_bar(stat="identity",width=0.8,colour="black",size=0.25,fill="pink",alpha=1)
#开始绘图之间一定要设置pdf保存文件，否则图片中仍然无法显示中文。
dev.off()
#这一步很重要，不可省略，否则char_1.pdf文件打开是空白的，文件大小为0。

小结

showtext：在许多情况下，特别是对于PDF设备,在R图中使用非标准字体不是一件容易的事情.

showtext使得在R图中使用各种类型的字体(TrueType、OpenType、Type 1、web字体等)变得更加容易。

quartz((): 对于Windows，在图形窗口中选择“文件”→“另存为”，然后在弹出的对话框中选择想要的格式和保存位置即可。在Mac上，当Quartz图形窗口处于高亮状态时，点选菜单栏中的“文件”→“另存为”即可。其提供的输出格式仅有PDF,若要转换为jpeg或者png，需要打开pdf后再另存时修改格式。在UNIX系统中，图形必须使用代码来保存，不是很推荐使用。

Cairo():可以生成高质量的PNG、JPEG、TIFF位图文件、高分辨率的PDF文件以及嵌入的字体、SVG图形和PostScript文件,提供了X11和Windows交互式图形设备。CairoX11、CairoPNG、CairoPDF、CairoPS和CairoSVG都是Cairo的便利包装器，推荐使用。

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