Node.js基础9：web 服务器1 请求与响应、路由

时间:2022-06-20
本文章向大家介绍Node.js基础9：web 服务器1 请求与响应、路由，主要内容包括其使用实例、应用技巧、基本知识点总结和需要注意事项，具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友可以参考一下。

web 服务器

1介绍

客户端服务器模块

var http = require('http')
var onRequest = function (request,response) {
    //这个函数的参数分别是请求和响应,这两个参数都实现了流,都是流的一个实例,可以像流一样操作
    //request是浏览器发送过来的请求,response是要发给浏览器的响应
    console.log("Request Received");
    response.writeHead(200,{'Content-Type':'text/plain'})//写入流,写头部信息,第一个参数是状态码.第二个参数代表要穿给浏览器的内容的类型
    //{'Content-Type':'text/plain'}代表告诉浏览器这是纯文本内容,浏览器就理解了如何渲染他,如何读取他
    // response.write('hello from out application')
    //response.end()
    response.end('hello from out application')//上面两句或者这样写
}
var server = http.createServer(onRequest)
server.listen(3000,'127.0.0.1')//在3000端口监听请求
console.log('Server started on localhost  port 3000')

然后node app.js开启服务器 本地访问127.0.0.1:3000

2 响应 json

响应json

var http = require('http');

var onRequest = function(request, response) {
    console.log('Request received');
    response.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' });
    // response.write('Hello from out application');
    var myObj = {
        name: "hfpp2012",
        job: "programmer",
        age: 27
    };
    response.end(JSON.stringify(myObj));
}

var server = http.createServer(onRequest);

server.listen(3000, '127.0.0.1');
console.log('Server started on localhost port 3000');

3响应HTML

app.js

var onRequest = function(request, response) {
    console.log('Request received');
    response.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'text/html' });
    var myReadStream = fs.createReadStream(__dirname + '/index.html', 'utf8');
    // response.write('Hello from out application');
    myReadStream.pipe(response);//可以直接用流和管道方便些
}

var server = http.createServer(onRequest);

server.listen(3000, '127.0.0.1');
console.log('Server started on localhost port 3000');

假设这是相同文件路径下的index.html:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>xxx</title>
</head>

<body>
    hello wolrd
</body>

4用模块化思想组织代码

将服务器代码单独当成一个模块分离出来 server.js

var http = require('http');
var fs = require('fs');

function startServer() {
    var onRequest = function(request, response) {
        console.log('Request received');
        response.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'text/html' });
        var myReadStream = fs.createReadStream(__dirname + '/index.html', 'utf8');
        // response.write('Hello from out application');
        myReadStream.pipe(response);
    }

    var server = http.createServer(onRequest);

    server.listen(3000, '127.0.0.1');
    console.log('Server started on localhost port 3000');
}

exports.startServer = startServer;

app.js

var server = require('./server');

server.startServer();

5路由

例如我们访问一个网站,www.123.com/index 这个/index就是路由,访问不同的页面路由就不一样,后台处理的方式也不一样,这样用来请求不同的资源. request.url获取浏览器传过来的路由信息,然后根据路由进行判断 server.js

var http = require('http');
var fs = require('fs');

function startServer() {
    var onRequest = function(request, response) {
        console.log('Request received ' + request.url);//request.url获取浏览器传过来的路由信息,然后根据路由进行判断
        if (request.url === '/' || request.url === '/home') {
            response.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'text/html' });
            fs.createReadStream(__dirname + '/index.html', 'utf8').pipe(response);
        } else if (request.url === '/review') {
            response.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'text/html' });
            fs.createReadStream(__dirname + '/review.html', 'utf8').pipe(response);
        } else if (request.url === '/api/v1/records') {
            response.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' });
            var jsonObj = {
                name: "hfpp2012"
            };
            response.end(JSON.stringify(jsonObj));
        } else {
            response.writeHead(404, { 'Content-Type': 'text/html' });
            fs.createReadStream(__dirname + '/404.html', 'utf8').pipe(response);
        }
    }

    var server = http.createServer(onRequest);

    server.listen(3000, '127.0.0.1');
    console.log('Server started on localhost port 3000');
}

exports.startServer = startServer;

review.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>

<body>
    review page
</body>

</html>

404.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>

<body>
    404 error page
</body>

</html>

6重构路由代码

app.js

var server = require('./server');
var router = require('./router');
var handler = require('./handler');

var handle = {};
handle["/"] = handler.home;
handle['/home'] = handler.home;
handle['/review'] = handler.review;
handle['/api/v1/records'] = handler.api_records;

server.startServer(router.route, handle);

server.js

var http = require('http');
var fs = require('fs');

function startServer(route, handle) {
    var onRequest = function(request, response) {
        console.log('Request received ' + request.url);
        route(handle, request.url, response);
    }

    var server = http.createServer(onRequest);

    server.listen(3000, '127.0.0.1');
    console.log('Server started on localhost port 3000');
}

module.exports.startServer = startServer;

router.js

var fs = require('fs');

function route(handle, pathname, response) {
    console.log('Routing a request for ' + pathname);
    if (typeof handle[pathname] === 'function') {
        handle[pathname](response);
    } else {
        response.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'text/html' });
        fs.createReadStream(__dirname + '/404.html', 'utf8').pipe(response);
    }
}

module.exports.route = route;

handler.js

var fs = require('fs');

function home(response) {
    response.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'text/html' });
    fs.createReadStream(__dirname + '/index.html', 'utf8').pipe(response);
}

function review(response) {
    response.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'text/html' });
    fs.createReadStream(__dirname + '/review.html', 'utf8').pipe(response);
}

function api_records(response) {
    response.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' });
    var jsonObj = {
        name: "hfpp2012"
    };
    response.end(JSON.stringify(jsonObj));
}

module.exports = {
    home: home,
    review: review,
    api_records: api_records
}

解析: 将server router handle 分别分离,各自掌管不同的功能

if (request.url === '/' || request.url === '/home') {
            response.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'text/html' });
            fs.createReadStream(__dirname + '/index.html', 'utf8').pipe(response);
        } else if (request.url === '/review') {
            response.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'text/html' });
            fs.createReadStream(__dirname + '/review.html', 'utf8').pipe(response);
        } else if (request.url === '/api/v1/records') {
            response.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' });
            var jsonObj = {
                name: "hfpp2012"
            };
            response.end(JSON.stringify(jsonObj));
        } else {
            response.writeHead(404, { 'Content-Type': 'text/html' });
            fs.createReadStream(__dirname + '/404.html', 'utf8').pipe(response);
        }
    }

router相当于上面这段代码的if()else(),起到:根据不同路径,判断该走哪条路的作用. handle 根据不同的路,来执行不同的方法.相当于ifelse中{}内执行的代码

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