Android View底层到底是怎么绘制的

时间:2022-04-26
本文章向大家介绍Android View底层到底是怎么绘制的,主要内容包括Measure、Layout、Draw、基本概念、基础应用、原理机制和需要注意的事项等,并结合实例形式分析了其使用技巧,希望通过本文能帮助到大家理解应用这部分内容。

Android绘制链图:

网上很多讲Android  view的绘制流程往往只讲到了Measure - Layout - Draw。

但是,这只是一个大体的流程,而我们需要探讨的是Android在我们调用setcontentView()之后,系统给我们干了什么事情,这个完整的逻辑是什么样的,却很少有人讲,还是先看下系统代码吧。

 public void setContentView(@LayoutRes int layoutResID) {
        getWindow().setContentView(layoutResID);
        initWindowDecorActionBar();
    }

而最终调用了initWindowDecorActionBar这个方法,我们看下这个方法里面都实现了什么

<span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-size:14px;"> private void initWindowDecorActionBar() {
        Window window = getWindow();
        // Initializing the window decor can change window feature flags.
        // Make sure that we have the correct set before performing the test below.
        window.getDecorView();

        if (isChild() || !window.hasFeature(Window.FEATURE_ACTION_BAR) || mActionBar != null) {
            return;
        }

        mActionBar = new WindowDecorActionBar(this);
        mActionBar.setDefaultDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(mEnableDefaultActionBarUp);

        mWindow.setDefaultIcon(mActivityInfo.getIconResource());
        mWindow.setDefaultLogo(mActivityInfo.getLogoResource());
    }</span>

根据人家给我们的注释,这段代码是创建一个actionbar,初始化这个view和actionbar。这里面有一段很重要的代码:

window.getDecorView();

正式这段代码告知系统可以从view的根节点开始绘制了,通过DecorView方法,decorview调用了performTraversals方法,我们来看下performTraversals源码:

<span style="font-size:14px;">private void performTraversals() {  
    final View host = mView;  
    ...  
    host.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);  
    ...  
    host.layout(0, 0, host.getMeasuredWidth(), host.getMeasuredHeight());  
    ...  
    draw(fullRedrawNeeded);  
} </span>

调用然后系统再调用Measure - Layout - Draw实现了View的绘制。

我们看一下完整的绘制流程,直接上一张图,或许更能说明这个意思:

到这里,系统会调用我们之前的比较熟悉的几个方法:Measure - Layout - Draw

Measure

Measure过程是计算视图大小,View中视图measure过程相关的方法主要有三个

public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)  
protected final void setMeasuredDimension(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight)  
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)  

measure调用onMeasure,onMeasure测量完成后setMeasureDimension,setMeasureDimension是final类型,view的子类不需要重写。

measure 源码:

public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {  
    if ((mPrivateFlags & FORCE_LAYOUT) == FORCE_LAYOUT ||  
            widthMeasureSpec != mOldWidthMeasureSpec ||  
            heightMeasureSpec != mOldHeightMeasureSpec) {  
  
        // first clears the measured dimension flag  
        mPrivateFlags &= ~MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET;  
  
        if (ViewDebug.TRACE_HIERARCHY) {  
            ViewDebug.trace(this, ViewDebug.HierarchyTraceType.ON_MEASURE);  
        }  
  
        // measure ourselves, this should set the measured dimension flag back  
        onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);  
  
        // flag not set, setMeasuredDimension() was not invoked, we raise  
        // an exception to warn the developer  
        if ((mPrivateFlags & MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) != MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) {  
            throw new IllegalStateException("onMeasure() did not set the"  
                    + " measured dimension by calling"  
                    + " setMeasuredDimension()");  
        }  
  
        mPrivateFlags |= LAYOUT_REQUIRED;  
    }  
  
    mOldWidthMeasureSpec = widthMeasureSpec;  
    mOldHeightMeasureSpec = heightMeasureSpec;  
}  

我们看一下OnMearsure方法:

 protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
                getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
    }

这个方法主要是实现setMeasuredDimension,这个方法是测量view的大小:

 protected final void setMeasuredDimension(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight) {
        boolean optical = isLayoutModeOptical(this);
        if (optical != isLayoutModeOptical(mParent)) {
            Insets insets = getOpticalInsets();
            int opticalWidth  = insets.left + insets.right;
            int opticalHeight = insets.top  + insets.bottom;

            measuredWidth  += optical ? opticalWidth  : -opticalWidth;
            measuredHeight += optical ? opticalHeight : -opticalHeight;
        }
        setMeasuredDimensionRaw(measuredWidth, measuredHeight);
    }

而对于这个measuredWidth和measuredHeight参数,系统却调了一个getDefaultSize();

public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {
        int result = size;
        int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
        int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);

        switch (specMode) {
        case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
            result = size;
            break;
        case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
        case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
            result = specSize;
            break;
        }
        return result;
    }

widthMeasureSpec和heightMeasureSpec决定了Mode和Size的值,widthMeasureSpec和heightMeasureSpec来自父视图,这两个值都是由父视图经过计算后传递给子视图的,说明父视图会在一定程度上决定子视图的大小。但是最外层的根视图,它的widthMeasureSpec和heightMeasureSpec又是从哪里得到的呢?这就需要去分析ViewRoot中的源码了.

关于视图的measure过程可以阅读以下LinearLayout源码。

Layout

measure过程确定视图的大小,而layout过程确定视图的位置。

public void layout(int l, int t, int r, int b) {
        if ((mPrivateFlags3 & PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT) != 0) {
            onMeasure(mOldWidthMeasureSpec, mOldHeightMeasureSpec);
            mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT;
        }

        int oldL = mLeft;
        int oldT = mTop;
        int oldB = mBottom;
        int oldR = mRight;

        boolean changed = isLayoutModeOptical(mParent) ?
                setOpticalFrame(l, t, r, b) : setFrame(l, t, r, b);

        if (changed || (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED) == PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED) {
            onLayout(changed, l, t, r, b);
            mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED;

            ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
            if (li != null && li.mOnLayoutChangeListeners != null) {
                ArrayList<OnLayoutChangeListener> listenersCopy =
                        (ArrayList<OnLayoutChangeListener>)li.mOnLayoutChangeListeners.clone();
                int numListeners = listenersCopy.size();
                for (int i = 0; i < numListeners; ++i) {
                    listenersCopy.get(i).onLayoutChange(this, l, t, r, b, oldL, oldT, oldR, oldB);
                }
            }
        }

        mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT;
        mPrivateFlags3 |= PFLAG3_IS_LAID_OUT;
    }

 函数中参数l、t、r、b是指view的左、上、右、底的位置,通过这几个参数来确定view在Windows的位置。

在layout函数中,重载了一个空函数

protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {  
  }  

这个需要子类去实现的。

比如Linearlayout:

 protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {  
      if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) {  
          layoutVertical();  
      } else {  
          layoutHorizontal();  
      }  
  } 

具体实现请自行看源码。

而在最后无论是layoutVertical还是layoutHorizontal都会掉一个setChildFrame方法来控制显示位置。

private void setChildFrame(View child, int left, int top, int width, int height) {          
    child.layout(left, top, left + width, top + height);  
}  

从上面看出,layout也是一个自上而下的过程,先设置父视图位置,在循环子视图,父视图位置一定程度上决定了子视图位置。

Draw

draw过程调用顺序在measure()和layout()之后,同样的,performTraversals()发起的draw过程最终会调用到mView的draw()函数,对于activity来说就是调用的PhoneWindow.DecorView。

*      1. Draw the background
*      2. If necessary, save the canvas' layers to prepare for fading
*      3. Draw view's content
*      4. Draw children
*      5. If necessary, draw the fading edges and restore layers
*      6. Draw decorations (scrollbars for instance)

根据view源码的注释,

1,绘制背景

2,保存画布图层

3,调用了onDraw方法,子类中实现onDraw方法

4,使用的dispatchDraw方法

View或ViewGroup的子类不用再重载ViewGroup中该方法,因为它已经有了默认而且标准的view系统流程。dispatchDraw()内部for循环调用drawChild()分别绘制每一个子视图,而drawChild()内部又会调用draw()函数完成子视图的内部绘制工作。

有兴趣的可以看看onDraw的源码。