由optimizer_switch所引起的诡异问题

时间:2022-05-05
本文章向大家介绍由optimizer_switch所引起的诡异问题，主要内容包括2.1 环境描述、2.2 SQL语句、基本概念、基础应用、原理机制和需要注意的事项等，并结合实例形式分析了其使用技巧，希望通过本文能帮助到大家理解应用这部分内容。

一、参数描述

MySQL中不同的版本优化器会有很多新特性，比如MRR、BKA等，其中optimizer_switch这个参数就是控制查询优化器怎样使用这些特性。很多情况下我们会根据自身的需求去设置optimizer_switch满足我们的需求。

前段时间客户的环境中遇到一个奇怪的问题，select count(*)显示返回是有数据，但select * 返回是空结果集，最终的原因就是因为optimizer_switch设置引起了一个让我们难以察觉的BUG。这里和大家分享一下，希望大家在以后的工作如果遇到类似的问题能够轻松应对。

二、案例分析

2.1 环境描述

数据库版本MySQL5.6.35

2.2 SQL语句

select * from (select o.orderid,o.orderdatetime,o.orderstatus,o.price,o.expway,o.paytype,o.fee,o.ordertype,o.realid,mm.account,ms.shopname,mmt.organcode,  o.activitype,o.channelcode, ma.activitytag,md.tagtip from mall_order o  left join mall_member mm on o.buyerid=mm.memberid left join mall_shop ms on o.salerid=ms.userid  left join mall_merchant mmt on mmt.merchantid=o.salerid left join mall_activity ma on o.activityid=ma.actid  left join mall_direct_activity md on ma.actid=md.actid where  1=1  and o.orderdatetime >= ‘2017-03-01 01:40:03’ and o.orderdatetime <= ‘2017-03-25 01:40:03’  ) as  tab  where  tab.organcode = ‘805000’ order by orderdatetime desc limit 10;

2.3 分析过程

凌晨4点左右客户打来电话告知数据库查询不到数据，显得非常着急，刻不容缓，我们第一时间赶到了现场，当时的现象是这样的:

select * from (select o.orderid,o.orderdatetime,o.orderstatus,o.price,o.expway,o.paytype,o.fee,o.ordertype,o.realid,mm.account,ms.shopname,mmt.organcode,  o.activitype,o.channelcode, ma.activitytag,md.tagtip from mall_order o  left join mall_member mm on o.buyerid=mm.memberid left join mall_shop ms on o.salerid=ms.userid  left join mall_merchant mmt on mmt.merchantid=o.salerid left join mall_activity ma on o.activityid=ma.actid  left join mall_direct_activity md on ma.actid=md.actid where  1=1  and o.orderdatetime >= ‘2017-03-01 01:40:03’ and o.orderdatetime <= ‘2017-03-25 01:40:03’  ) as  tab  where  tab.organcode = ‘805000’ order by orderdatetime desc limit 10;

这条语句查询返回的结果集是空，但是开发人员和我们说数据库中是有数据的，我抱着怀疑的态度尝试着执行了一下:

select * from (select o.orderid,o.orderdatetime,o.orderstatus,o.price,o.expway,o.paytype,o.fee,o.ordertype,o.realid,mm.account,ms.shopname,mmt.organcode,  o.activitype,o.channelcode, ma.activitytag,md.tagtip from mall_order o  left join mall_member mm on o.buyerid=mm.memberid left join mall_shop ms on o.salerid=ms.userid  left join mall_merchant mmt on mmt.merchantid=o.salerid left join mall_activity ma on o.activityid=ma.actid  left join mall_direct_activity md on ma.actid=md.actid where  1=1  and o.orderdatetime >= ‘2017-03-01 01:40:03’ and o.orderdatetime <= ‘2017-03-25 01:40:03’  ) as  tab  where  tab.organcode = ‘805000’ order by orderdatetime desc limit 10;
Empty set (0.41 sec)


select count(*) from (select o.orderid,o.orderdatetime,o.orderstatus,o.price,o.expway,o.paytype,o.fee,o.ordertype,o.realid,mm.account,ms.shopname,mmt.organcode,  o.activitype,o.channelcode, ma.activitytag,md.tagtip from mall_order o  left join mall_member mm on o.buyerid=mm.memberid left join mall_shop ms on o.salerid=ms.userid  left join mall_merchant mmt on mmt.merchantid=o.salerid left join mall_activity ma on o.activityid=ma.actid  left join mall_direct_activity md on ma.actid=md.actid where  1=1  and o.orderdatetime >= ‘2017-03-01 01:40:03’ and o.orderdatetime <= ‘2017-03-25 01:40:03’  ) as  tab  where  tab.organcode = ‘805000’ order by orderdatetime desc limit 10;
+—————+
| count(*) |
+—————+
|      475 |
+—————+
1 row in set (0.41 sec)

一看结果当时也有点慌了，count(*)显示返回475条记录，但是select *却返回空结果集……

想了一下SQL语句有一层嵌套，我看看里面这个SQL是否有问题，测试后发现内层语句可以正常返回，加上外层语句时就会出现这种情况。询问了应用人员系统刚迁移过来，在原系统没有这种情况，快速连到原系统上执行同样的语句对比一下两边的执行计划:

原系统

explain  select * from (select o.orderid,o.orderdatetime,o.orderstatus,o.price,o.expway,o.paytype,o.fee,o.ordertype,o.realid,mm.account,ms.shopname,mmt.organcode,  o.activitype,o.channelcode, ma.activitytag,md.tagtip from mall_order o  left join mall_member mm on o.buyerid=mm.memberid left join mall_shop ms on o.salerid=ms.userid  left join mall_merchant mmt on mmt.merchantid=o.salerid left join mall_activity ma on o.activityid=ma.actid  left join mall_direct_activity md on ma.actid=md.actid where  1=1  and o.orderdatetime >= '2017-03-01 01:40:03' and o.orderdatetime <= '2017-03-25 01:40:03'  ) as  tab  where  tab.organcode = '805000' order by orderdatetime desc limit 10;
+----+-------------+------------+--------+------------------------+-------------------+---------+-------------------+-------+-----------------------------+
| id | select_type | table      | type   | possible_keys          | key               | key_len | ref               | rows  | Extra                       |
+----+-------------+------------+--------+------------------------+-------------------+---------+-------------------+-------+-----------------------------+
|  1 | PRIMARY     | <derived2> | ref    | <auto_key0>            | <auto_key0>       | 153     | const             |    10 | Using where; Using filesort |
|  2 | DERIVED     | o          | range  | idx_orderdatetime      | idx_orderdatetime | 6       | NULL              | 46104 | Using index condition       |
|  2 | DERIVED     | mm         | eq_ref | PRIMARY,idx_memberid   | PRIMARY           | 8       | mall.o.buyerid    |     1 | NULL                        |
|  2 | DERIVED     | ms         | ref    | idx_userid             | idx_userid        | 9       | mall.o.salerid    |     1 | NULL                        |
|  2 | DERIVED     | mmt        | eq_ref | PRIMARY,idx_merchantid | PRIMARY           | 8       | mall.o.salerid    |     1 | NULL                        |
|  2 | DERIVED     | ma         | eq_ref | PRIMARY                | PRIMARY           | 8       | mall.o.activityid |     1 | NULL                        |
|  2 | DERIVED     | md         | ref    | idx_activityid         | idx_activityid    | 8       | mall.ma.actid     |     1 | NULL                        |
+----+-------------+------------+--------+------------------------+-------------------+---------+-------------------+-------+-----------------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

新系统

explain  select * from (select o.orderid,o.orderdatetime,o.orderstatus,o.price,o.expway,o.paytype,o.fee,o.ordertype,o.realid,mm.account,ms.shopname,mmt.organcode,  o.activitype,o.channelcode, ma.activitytag,md.tagtip from mall_order o  left join mall_member mm on o.buyerid=mm.memberid left join mall_shop ms on o.salerid=ms.userid  left join mall_merchant mmt on mmt.merchantid=o.salerid left join mall_activity ma on o.activityid=ma.actid  left join mall_direct_activity md on ma.actid=md.actid where  1=1  and o.orderdatetime >= '2017-03-01 01:40:03' and o.orderdatetime <= '2017-03-25 01:40:03'  ) as  tab  where  tab.organcode = '805000' order by orderdatetime desc limit 10;
+----+-------------+------------+--------+------------------------+-------------------+---------+-------------------+-------+----------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table      | type   | possible_keys          | key               | key_len | ref               | rows  | Extra                            |
+----+-------------+------------+--------+------------------------+-------------------+---------+-------------------+-------+----------------------------------+
|  1 | PRIMARY     | <derived2> | ref    | <auto_key0>            | <auto_key0>       | 153     | const             |    10 | Using where; Using filesort      |
|  2 | DERIVED     | o          | range  | idx_orderdatetime      | idx_orderdatetime | 6       | NULL              | 46104 | Using index condition; Using MRR |
|  2 | DERIVED     | mm         | eq_ref | PRIMARY,idx_memberid   | PRIMARY           | 8       | mall.o.buyerid    |     1 | NULL                             |
|  2 | DERIVED     | ms         | ref    | idx_userid             | idx_userid        | 9       | mall.o.salerid    |     1 | NULL                             |
|  2 | DERIVED     | mmt        | eq_ref | PRIMARY,idx_merchantid | PRIMARY           | 8       | mall.o.salerid    |     1 | NULL                             |
|  2 | DERIVED     | ma         | eq_ref | PRIMARY                | PRIMARY           | 8       | mall.o.activityid |     1 | NULL                             |
|  2 | DERIVED     | md         | ref    | idx_activityid         | idx_activityid    | 8       | mall.ma.actid     |     1 | NULL                             |
+----+-------------+------------+--------+------------------------+-------------------+---------+-------------------+-------+----------------------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

两边的执行计划不同的地方就是新系统使用了MRR，数据库的版本都是5.6.20之后的小版本号没有相差很多，应该不会出现这种情况。

想到了optimizer_switch这个参数可以设置mrr特性，是不是有人对其做了修改，对比了两边optimizer_switch这个参数发现mrr_cost_based这个值设置的不同。快速的将参数设置为一样再次查询:

set optimizer_switch='mrr_cost_based=on';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
select * from (select o.orderid,o.orderdatetime,o.orderstatus,o.price,o.expway,o.paytype,o.fee,o.ordertype,o.realid,mm.account,ms.shopname,mmt.organcode,  o.activitype,o.channelcode, ma.activitytag,md.tagtip from mall_order o  left join mall_member mm on o.buyerid=mm.memberid left join mall_shop ms on o.salerid=ms.userid  left join mall_merchant mmt on mmt.merchantid=o.salerid left join mall_activity ma on o.activityid=ma.actid  left join mall_direct_activity md on ma.actid=md.actid where  1=1  and o.orderdatetime >= '2017-03-01 01:40:03' and o.orderdatetime <= '2017-03-25 01:40:03'  ) as  tab  where  tab.organcode = '805000' order by orderdatetime desc limit 10;

立刻就能够返回数据，一切搞定。

三、总结

mrr_cost_based代表是否使用基于代价的方式去计算使用MRR特性，新的系统中将他设置为off代表不使用基于代价方式而是使用基于规则的，这样设置的原因是考虑到MySQL基于代价的方式比较保守，不能使用到MRR这个特性。本身设置这个参数是没有任何问题，只不过正好遇到mrr_cost_based设置为off时碰到了这么诡异BUG，希望可以帮助到遇到同样问题的朋友们。

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