谈谈WCF中的Data Contract(3):WCF Data Contract对Collection & Dictionary的支持

时间:2022-04-22
本文章向大家介绍谈谈WCF中的Data Contract(3):WCF Data Contract对Collection & Dictionary的支持,主要内容包括其使用实例、应用技巧、基本知识点总结和需要注意事项,具有一定的参考价值,需要的朋友可以参考一下。

在本篇文章上一部分Order Processing的例子中,我们看到原本已Collection形式定义的DetailList属性(public IList<TDetail> DetailList),在Data Contract中却以Array的方式体现(public OrderDetail[] DetailList)。我们现在就来详细地讨论一下基于Collection & Dictionary 的Data Contract。

Data Contract for Collection 我们照例用例子来说明问题,在这里我们创建一个批量处理Order的Service,于是我们创建了一个OrderCollection Type:

namespace Artech.SpecialDataContract.Contract
{
    [DataContract]
    public class Order
    {
        [DataMember]
        public Guid OrderID
        { get; set; }

        [DataMember]
        public DateTime OrderDate
        { get; set; }
    }

    public class OrderCollection : List<Order>
    {

    }
}

下面是Service Contract的定义:

namespace Artech.SpecialDataContract.Contract
{
    [ServiceContract]
    public interface IOrderManager
    {
        [OperationContract(Name = "ProcessWithCollection")]
        void Process(OrderCollection orders);
}

面是OrderCollection 在XSD中的呈现:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<xs:schema elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://schemas.datacontract.org/2004/07/Artech.SpecialDataContract.Contract"
    xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:tns="http://schemas.datacontract.org/2004/07/Artech.SpecialDataContract.Contract"
    xmlns:ser="http://schemas.microsoft.com/2003/10/Serialization/">
  <xs:import schemaLocation="http://artech/Artech.SpecialDataContract/OrderManagerService.svc?xsd=xsd1"
          namespace="http://schemas.microsoft.com/2003/10/Serialization/" />
  <xs:complexType name="ArrayOfOrder">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" name="Order" nillable="true" type="tns:Order" />
    </xs:sequence>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:element name="ArrayOfOrder" nillable="true" type="tns:ArrayOfOrder"/>
  <xs:complexType
name="Order">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:element minOccurs="0" name="OrderDate" type="xs:dateTime"/>
      <xs:element
minOccurs="0" name="OrderID" type="ser:guid"/>
    </xs:sequence>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:element
name="Order" nillable="true" type="tns:Order"/>
</xs:schema>

加上通过Add Service Reference默认生成的Class,我们可以很清楚地看出Collection是以Array的形式呈现的(Artech.SpecialDataContract.Client.OrderManagerService.Order[] orders):

[System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("System.ServiceModel", "3.0.0.0")]
    [System.ServiceModel.ServiceContractAttribute(ConfigurationName="OrderManagerService.IOrderManager")]
    public interface IOrderManager { 
        [System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute(Action="http://tempuri.org/IOrderManager/ProcessWithCollection", ReplyAction="http://tempuri.org/IOrderManager/ProcessWithCollectionResponse")]
        void ProcessWithCollection(Artech.SpecialDataContract.Client.OrderManagerService.Order[] orders);
}

因为Array相对很Common的数据类型,基本上所有的厂商均提供了对Array的支持,这也是WCF在通过Add Service Reference生成Client端代码的时候,会生成Array的原因。不过并不是我们只有唯一的选择,事实上VS为此提供了扩展,允许我们对于基于Collection 的Data Contract生成我们需要的各种类型,我们只需要在Add Service Reference的时候选择“Configure Service Reference”进行相应的配置:

通过上面的截图,我们发现在Collection Type一项我们有若干选项,我们可以选择我们希望生成的数据类型:Array,ArrayList,LinkedList,Generic List,Collection和BindingList。

Data Contract for Dictionary

前面的内容,我们分别讨论了基于Generic和Collection的Data Contract,接下来,我们来讨论最后一个特殊的数据类型的Data Contract:Dictionary。

延续上面的Order Batch Processing的例子,不过我们现在处理的不是一个OrderCollection对象,而是一个Dictionary对象,线面是Service Contract和Order的定义:

namespace Artech.SpecialDataContract.Contract
{
    [ServiceContract]
    public interface IOrderManager
    {
        [OperationContract(Name = "ProcessWithCollection")]
        void Process(OrderCollection orders);

        [OperationContract(Name = "ProcessWithDictionary")]
        void Process(IDictionary<Guid, Order> orders);
    }
}
[DataContract]
    public class Order
    {
        [DataMember]
        public Guid OrderID
        { get; set; }

        [DataMember]
        public DateTime OrderDate
        { get; set; }
    }

闲话少说,我们来看XSD:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xs:schema elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://schemas.microsoft.com/2003/10/Serialization/Arrays" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:tns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/2003/10/Serialization/Arrays" xmlns:ser="http://schemas.microsoft.com/2003/10/Serialization/">
  <xs:import schemaLocation="http://artech/Artech.SpecialDataContract/OrderManagerService.svc?xsd=xsd1" namespace="http://schemas.microsoft.com/2003/10/Serialization/"/>
  <xs:import schemaLocation="http://artech/Artech.SpecialDataContract/OrderManagerService.svc?xsd=xsd2" namespace="http://schemas.datacontract.org/2004/07/Artech.SpecialDataContract.Contract"/>
  <xs:complexType name="ArrayOfKeyValueOfguidOrder_SkVQi6O3">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:appinfo>
        <IsDictionary xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/2003/10/Serialization/">true</IsDictionary>
      </xs:appinfo>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" name="KeyValueOfguidOrder_SkVQi6O3">
        <xs:complexType>
          <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element name="Key" type="ser:guid"/>
            <xs:element name="Value" nillable="true" type="q1:Order" xmlns:q1="http://schemas.datacontract.org/2004/07/Artech.SpecialDataContract.Contract"/>
          </xs:sequence>
        </xs:complexType>
      </xs:element>
    </xs:sequence>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:element name="ArrayOfKeyValueOfguidOrder_SkVQi6O3" nillable="true" type="tns:ArrayOfKeyValueOfguidOrder_SkVQi6O3"/>
</xs:schema>

Data Contract的名称为ArrayOfKeyValueOfguidOrder_SkVQi6O3=ArrayOfKeyValueOf+guid(Key的类型)+Order(Value)+_SkVQi6O3(Hash Value)。从该XSD的结构我们不难看出,只是一个数组,每个元素为Key-Value pair。

我们照例看看通过Add Service Reference方式生成的Client端code中的对应的定义:

[System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("System.ServiceModel", "3.0.0.0")]
    [System.ServiceModel.ServiceContractAttribute(ConfigurationName="OrderManagerService.IOrderManager")]
    public interface IOrderManager {               
        [System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute(Action="http://tempuri.org/IOrderManager/ProcessWithDictionary", ReplyAction="http://tempuri.org/IOrderManager/ProcessWithDictionaryResponse")]
        void ProcessWithDictionary(System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<System.Guid, Artech.SpecialDataContract.Client.OrderManagerService.Order> orders);
    }

生成的是一个System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary类型。同Collection一样,也依然可以有多种选择: