开发人员看测试之细说JBehave

上篇我们说到如何从Github上clone出一个JBehave项目，既是为了学习JBehava，也是为了熟悉下Github。从clone下来的项目看来，基本没什么问题，稍微捋一捋就可以运行，但是就clone下来的代码来看，自己还是遇到一个问题（不知道是代码问题，还是我自己的操作有问题），就是没有办法运行（后面会详说）。正如上篇所说，构建一个JBehave的应用的5大步骤：

Write story
Map steps to Java
Configure Stories
Run Stories
View Reports

这里，我们结合clone下来的项目分别对应这五个步骤了解JBehave是如何运行的并完成测试的。 1.Write story，设定一个story，给出一个情景，使用通用语言进行表示，不管是开发或是非开发的都能看懂 本项目有两个测试案例，一个是模拟登录的story:

loginYahoo.story：
Narrative: 

In order to show the yahoo function
As a user
I want to login yahoo

Scenario: normal login

Given yahoo login address by.bouncer.login.yahoo.com
Then print successful

另一个是模拟浏览的story:

TestStroies.story：
Browse Etsy.com

Meta:
@category browsing
@color red


Narrative: 

In order to show the browsing cart functionality
As a user
I want to browse in a gallery

Scenario: Browsing around the site for items

Given I am on localhost
Then print hello world

!--Examples:
!--|host|hello|
!--|localhost|hello world|
!--|www.baidu.com|hello baidu|

2.Map steps to Java，将上述的每个story细分成每一个step，给出Given条件，则会得到Then的结果，从而将通用语言转换成可以通过代码逻辑描述的问题 loginYahoo.story对应的steps类TestLogin.java:

public class TestLogin {
		@Given("yahoo login address $url")
		public void getHostPage(String url){
			System.out.println("++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"+url);
		}

		@Then("print $successful")
		public void hello(String successful){
			System.out.println("++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"+successful);
		}
}

TestStories.story对应的steps类TestStep.java:

public class TestStep {
	@Given("I am on $host")
	public void getHostPage(String host){
		System.out.println("----------------------"+host);
	}

	@Then("print $hello")
	public void hello(String hello){
		System.out.println("----------------------"+hello);
	}
}

3.Configure Stories 配置一些映射关系，比如如何找到并加载story文件等

public class EmbedderBase extends Embedder{

	@Override
    public EmbedderControls embedderControls() {
        return new EmbedderControls().doIgnoreFailureInStories(true).doIgnoreFailureInView(true);
    }
 
	@Override
    public  Configuration configuration() {
        Class<? extends EmbedderBase> embedderClass = this.getClass();
      //MostUsefulConfiguration使用默认的配置
        return new MostUsefulConfiguration()
        	//设置story文件的加载路径
            .useStoryLoader(new LoadFromClasspath(embedderClass.getClassLoader()))
            //设定生成报告的相关配置
            .useStoryReporterBuilder(new StoryReporterBuilder()
                .withCodeLocation(CodeLocations.codeLocationFromClass(embedderClass))
                .withFormats(Format.CONSOLE, Format.TXT)
                .withCrossReference(new CrossReference()))
             //设定相关参数的转换
            .useParameterConverters(new ParameterConverters()
                    .addConverters(new DateConverter(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd")))) // use custom date pattern
            .useStepMonitor(new SilentStepMonitor());                              
    }
}

4.Run Stories

public class TraderStoryRunner {
	@Test(groups={"test"})
    public void runClasspathLoadedStoriesAsJUnit() {
        // Embedder defines the configuration and candidate steps
        Embedder embedder = new TestStories();
        List<String> storyPaths = new StoryFinder().findPaths(CodeLocations.codeLocationFromClass(this.getClass()),"**/TestStories.story",""); // use StoryFinder to look up paths
        embedder.runStoriesAsPaths(storyPaths);
    }
	@Test(groups={"test"})
    public void runClasspathLoadedStories() {
        // Embedder defines the configuration and candidate steps
        Embedder embedder = new loginYahoo();
        List<String> storyPaths = new StoryFinder().findPaths(CodeLocations.codeLocationFromClass(this.getClass()),"**/loginYahoo.story",""); // use StoryFinder to look up paths
        embedder.runStoriesAsPaths(storyPaths);
    }
}

这里可以看出，声明了两个类TestStories和loginYahoo。 TestStories.java

public class TestStories extends EmbedderBase {

    @Override
    public InjectableStepsFactory stepsFactory() {
        return new InstanceStepsFactory(configuration(), new TestStep());//设定需要映射的step类
    }
 
}

loginYahoo.java:

public class loginYahoo extends EmbedderBase {
 
    @Override
    public InjectableStepsFactory stepsFactory() {
        return new InstanceStepsFactory(configuration(), new TestLogin());//设定需要映射的step类
    }
 
}

这两个类是一个桥梁的作用，用于设定从story到step的映射，注意这里的两个类是继承类EmbedderBase的，而EmbedderBase类又是Embedder的子类。

这是项目给出的测试类TraderStoryRunner，但是这里有一个问题，就是没有找到运行的入口，点击右键，除了一些maven的操作，并没有其他可以运行的指标，比如junit。所以通过摸索，按照自己的方法，发现首先要做的就是添加junit测试库，这是必须的。具体步骤：右键项目->Build path->Configured build path

打开对话框，选择Libraries->Add Library->JUnit,点击next，选择junit4->finished。

添加完Junit后，新建一个Junit测试类

将TraderStoryRunner类的主体方法放进去，命名为Tc.java

import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import java.util.List;
import org.jbehave.core.embedder.Embedder;
import org.jbehave.core.io.CodeLocations;
import org.jbehave.core.io.StoryFinder;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.story.TestStories;
import com.story.loginYahoo;
public class Tc {
 @BeforeClass
 public static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception {
 }
 @AfterClass
 public static void tearDownAfterClass() throws Exception {
 }
 @Before
 public void setUp() throws Exception {
 }
 @After
 public void tearDown() throws Exception {
 }
 
 // @Test : 表示这是一个测试用例，只有标识了改符号的函数才会被执行测试

 @Test
 public void runClasspathLoadedStoriesAsJUnit() {
     // Embedder defines the configuration and candidate steps
     Embedder embedder = new TestStories();
     List<String> storyPaths = new StoryFinder().findPaths(CodeLocations.codeLocationFromClass(this.getClass()),"**/TestStories.story",""); // use StoryFinder to look up paths
     embedder.runStoriesAsPaths(storyPaths);
 }
	@Test
 public void runClasspathLoadedStories() {
     // Embedder defines the configuration and candidate steps
     Embedder embedder = new loginYahoo();
     List<String> storyPaths = new StoryFinder().findPaths(CodeLocations.codeLocationFromClass(this.getClass()),"**/loginYahoo.story",""); // use StoryFinder to look up paths
     embedder.runStoriesAsPaths(storyPaths);
 }
}

至此，这个项目是可以运行起来了。

5.View Reports 点击运行上面的Tc.java类，可以得到：

Processing system properties {}
Using controls EmbedderControls[batch=false,skip=false,generateViewAfterStories=true,ignoreFailureInStories=false,ignoreFailureInView=false,verboseFailures=false,verboseFiltering=false,storyTimeoutInSecs=300,threads=1]

(BeforeStories)

Running story com/story/TestStories.story
Narrative:
In order to show the browsing cart functionality
As a user
I want to browse in a gallery
Browse Etsy.com
(com/story/TestStories.story)
Meta:
@category browsing
@color red

Scenario: Browsing around the site for items
----------------------localhost
Given I am on localhost
----------------------hello world

!--Examples:
!--|host|hello|
!--|localhost|hello world|
!--|www.baidu.com|hello baidu|
Then print hello world

!--Examples:
!--|host|hello|
!--|localhost|hello world|
!--|www.baidu.com|hello baidu|



(AfterStories)

Generating reports view to 'C:Program Files (x86)GitJbehaveTestBehave_v2_testngtargetjbehave' using formats '[console, txt]' and view properties '{defaultFormats=stats, decorateNonHtml=true, viewDirectory=view, decorated=ftl/jbehave-report-decorated.ftl, reports=ftl/jbehave-reports-with-totals.ftl, maps=ftl/jbehave-maps.ftl, navigator=ftl/jbehave-navigator.ftl, views=ftl/jbehave-views.ftl, nonDecorated=ftl/jbehave-report-non-decorated.ftl}'
Reports view generated with 0 stories (of which 0 pending) containing 0 scenarios (of which 0 pending)
Processing system properties {}
Using controls EmbedderControls[batch=false,skip=false,generateViewAfterStories=true,ignoreFailureInStories=false,ignoreFailureInView=false,verboseFailures=false,verboseFiltering=false,storyTimeoutInSecs=300,threads=1]

(BeforeStories)

Running story com/story/loginYahoo.story
Narrative:
In order to show the yahoo function
As a user
I want to login yahoo

(com/story/loginYahoo.story)
Scenario: normal login
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++by.bouncer.login.yahoo.com
Given yahoo login address by.bouncer.login.yahoo.com
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++successful
Then print successful



(AfterStories)

Generating reports view to 'C:Program Files (x86)GitJbehaveTestBehave_v2_testngtargetjbehave' using formats '[console, txt]' and view properties '{defaultFormats=stats, decorateNonHtml=true, viewDirectory=view, decorated=ftl/jbehave-report-decorated.ftl, reports=ftl/jbehave-reports-with-totals.ftl, maps=ftl/jbehave-maps.ftl, navigator=ftl/jbehave-navigator.ftl, views=ftl/jbehave-views.ftl, nonDecorated=ftl/jbehave-report-non-decorated.ftl}'
Reports view generated with 0 stories (of which 0 pending) containing 0 scenarios (of which 0 pending)

　大体的思路，是将story和step对应起来，将story中的条件、参数传入step对应的类中，如果满足则通过测试，得到then给出的结果，否则得不到理想的结果。

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