关于Oracle和MySQL中的无密码登录 (r5笔记第39天)

无密码登录在一定程度上能够简化流程，对于密码敏感，但是又需要提供访问权限的情况下是一个不错的选择。尤其是在乙方在做一些操作的时候，要密码和给密码是一个纠结的问题。不给没法工作，给了又对信息安全又影响。 在Oracle和MySQL中都有相应的解决方案，大道至简，这个功能的目的都是类似的。 在Oracle中可以通过设置wallet来实现，在10g版本开始支持。而在MySQL中自5.6版本开始可以使用--login-path来实现。 先来看看Oracle中的wallet实现无密码登录，可以通过mkstore来配置，我们可以使用--help得到命令使用的帮助。 [ora11g@oel1 admin]$ mkstore --help Oracle Secret Store Tool : Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production Copyright (c) 2004, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. No wallet location specified. mkstore [-wrl wrl] [-create] [-createSSO] [-createLSSO] [-createALO] [-delete] [-deleteSSO] [-list] [-createEntry alias secret] [-viewEntry alias] [-modifyEntry alias secret] [-deleteEntry alias] [-createCredential connect_string username password] [-listCredential] [-modifyCredential connect_string username password] [-deleteCredential connect_string] [-help] [-nologo] 我们首先来创建钱包，指定钱包路径为/u02/ora11g/wallet，对于密码还是有一定的要求，太简单也不行。 $ mkstore -wrl /u02/ora11g/wallet -create Oracle Secret Store Tool : Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production Copyright (c) 2004, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Enter password: Enter password again: 生成钱包后，会在指定的路径下生成两个文件。 $ ll total 8 -rw------- 1 ora11g dba 3589 May 17 21:37 cwallet.sso -rw------- 1 ora11g dba 3512 May 17 21:37 ewallet.p12 我们可以指定临时的连接串来配置到钱包里面，比如我们认为test11g是一个临时连接串，可以使用tnsping来测试，确保连接串是可访问的。 $tnsping test11g Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oel1.oracle.com)(PORT = 1511))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = TEST11G))) OK (0 msec) 配置完成之后，我们需要在登录之前在sqlnet.ora中配置钱包的路径。sqlnet.ora中需要配置的内容如下： $ cat sqlnet.ora WALLET_LOCATION = (SOURCE = (METHOD = FILE) (METHOD_DATA = (DIRECTORY = /u02/ora11g/wallet) ) ) SQLNET.WALLET_OVERRIDE=true 这些配置都搞定以后我们就可以指定对应的连接串，对应的用户名密码。 $ mkstore -wrl /u02/ora11g/wallet -createCredential test11g n1 n1 Oracle Secret Store Tool : Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production Copyright (c) 2004, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Enter wallet password: l 1 Create credential oracle.security.client.connect_string1 配置完成之后工作就完成了，我们可以简单验证一下。 $ sqlplus /@test11g SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sun May 17 21:45:59 2015 With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options n1@TEST11G> 而如果使用MySQL来实现，则需要通过mysql_config_editor来配置。 mysql_config_editor的命令提示如下，可以看出可使用的选项还是相对比较简单的。 [mysql@oel1 ~]$ mysql_config_editor set --help mysql_config_editor Ver 1.0 Distrib 5.6.23, for linux-glibc2.5 on i686 Copyright (c) 2012, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. MySQL Configuration Utility. Description: Write a login path to the login file. Usage: mysql_config_editor [program options] [set [command options]] -?, --help Display this help and exit. -h, --host=name Host name to be entered into the login file. -G, --login-path=name Name of the login path to use in the login file. (Default : client) -p, --password Prompt for password to be entered into the login file. -u, --user=name User name to be entered into the login file. -S, --socket=name Socket path to be entered into login file. -P, --port=name Port number to be entered into login file. -w, --warn Warn and ask for confirmation if set command attempts to overwrite an existing login path (enabled by default). (Defaults to on; use --skip-warn to disable.) 我们直接可以通过一个命令来完成配置，制定这个无密码登录的别名为fastlogin

[mysql@oel1 ~]$ mysql_config_editor set --login-path=fastlogin --user=root --host=localhost --password --socket=/u02/mysql/mysqld_mst.sock Enter password: 配置完成之后，会在当前路径下生成一个隐藏文件.mylogin.cnf [mysql@oel1 ~]$ ll -la .mylogin* -rw------- 1 mysql dba 480 May 17 22:10 .mylogin.cnf [mysql@oel1 ~]$ 大功告成，这个时候直接登录即可。 [mysql@oel1 ~]$ mysql --login-path=fastlogin Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.6.23-enterprise-commercial-advanced-log MySQL Enterprise Server - Advanced Edition (Commercial) Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>