rman数据备份恢复学习笔记(49天)

时间:2022-05-04
本文章向大家介绍rman数据备份恢复学习笔记(49天)，主要内容包括其使用实例、应用技巧、基本知识点总结和需要注意事项，具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友可以参考一下。

昨天对rman数据备份恢复进行了总结，

分享一下。

常用的一些命令

list backup;
list expired backup;
report schema;
report need backup days 3;
report need backup;
report obsolete;
configure channel device type 
-压缩备份
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 3 BACKUP TYPE TO COMPRESSED BACKUPSET;

RMAN> backup database plus archivelog skip inaccessible delete input;

>delete noprompt backup;
.......
RMAN-06207: WARNING: 2 objects could not be deleted for DISK channel(s) due
RMAN-06208:          to mismatched status.  Use CROSSCHECK command to fix status
RMAN-06210: List of Mismatched objects
RMAN-06211: ==========================
RMAN-06212:   Object Type   Filename/Handle
RMAN-06213: --------------- ---------------------------------------------------
RMAN-06214: Backup Piece    /u01/app/backup/orcl/pri/orcl_1/DATAFILE_BACKUP
RMAN-06214: Backup Piece    /u01/app/backup/orcl/pri/orcl_1/LOG_BACKUP
RMAN> crosscheck backup;
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
backup piece handle=/u01/app/backup/orcl/pri/orcl_1/DATAFILE_BACKUP recid=26 stamp=794756167
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
backup piece handle=/u01/app/backup/orcl/pri/orcl_1/LOG_BACKUP recid=27 stamp=794756198
Crosschecked 2 objects
RMAN> delete noprompt backup;
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
List of Backup Pieces
BP Key  BS Key  Pc# Cp# Status      Device Type Piece Name
------- ------- --- --- ----------- ----------- ----------
26      26      1   1   EXPIRED     DISK        /u01/app/backup/orcl/pri/orcl_1/DATAFILE_BACKUP
27      27      1   1   EXPIRED     DISK        /u01/app/backup/orcl/pri/orcl_1/LOG_BACKUP
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/backup/orcl/pri/orcl_1/DATAFILE_BACKUP recid=26 stamp=794756167
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/backup/orcl/pri/orcl_1/LOG_BACKUP recid=27 stamp=794756198
Deleted 2 objects

--增量备份 RMAN> backup incremental level=0 database; backup incremental level=1 database; db block change tracking 1. SQL> alter database enable block change tracking using file '/u01/app/oracle/change_tracking'; Database altered. 2.show parameter db_create_file_dest SQL> alter system set db_create_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle'; System altered. SQL> alter database enable block change tracking ; Database altered. -rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 11600384 Oct 16 11:16 o1_mf_87sn9vws_.chg [oracle@oel1 changetracking]$ pwd /u01/app/oracle/ORCL/changetracking [oracle@oel1 changetracking]$ [[oracle@oel1 orcl2]$ ps -ef | grep ora_| grep ctw oracle 27639 1 0 14:11 ? 00:00:00 ora_ctwr_orcl --rman configuration RMAN> configure channel 2 device type disk format '/u01/app/oracle/backupset/2%U'; new RMAN configuration parameters: CONFIGURE CHANNEL 2 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/u01/app/oracle/backupset/2%U'; new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored RMAN> show all; RMAN configuration parameters are: CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 5; CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON; CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/u01/app/oracle/backupset/ctl/%F'; CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 2 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/u01/app/oracle/backupset/%U'; CONFIGURE CHANNEL 2 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/u01/app/oracle/backupset/2%U'; CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE ON; CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f'; # default RMAN> configure channel device type disk clear; old RMAN configuration parameters: CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/u01/app/oracle/backupset/%U'; old RMAN configuration parameters are successfully deleted RMAN> configure channel 1 device type disk format '/u01/app/oracle/backupset/1%U'; new RMAN configuration parameters: CONFIGURE CHANNEL 1 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/u01/app/oracle/backupset/1%U'; new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored RMAN> show all; RMAN configuration parameters are: CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 5; CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON; CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/u01/app/oracle/backupset/ctl/%F'; CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 2 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default CONFIGURE CHANNEL 1 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/u01/app/oracle/backupset/1%U'; CONFIGURE CHANNEL 2 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/u01/app/oracle/backupset/2%U'; CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE ON; CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f'; # default 或者使用 configure channel device type disk format '/u01/app/oracle/backupset/3%U'; 钱包 1.Mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/a/wallet 2. alter system set encryption key identified by Oracle123; --- wallet password 打开钱包 3.alter system set encryption wallet identified by oracle; 归档丢失 ,backup database plus archive log 失败 RMAN-06059: expected archived log not found, solution1: --crosscheck archivelog all --list expired archivelog all; --delete expired archivelog all; soution2: RMAN> change archivelog all crosscheck; solution3: crosscheck copy; 恢复

删除在线文件11

rm .... alter tablespace tbs5 offline immediate; RMAN> restore datafile 11;

Starting restore at 16-OCT-12 using channel ORA_DISK_1 using channel ORA_DISK_2 using channel ORA_DISK_3

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set restoring datafile 00011 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/dbs05.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/3_37nnt9ro_1_1 RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS =============== RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 10/16/2012 13:44:09 ORA-19870: error reading backup piece /u01/app/oracle/3_37nnt9ro_1_1 ORA-19573: cannot obtain exclusive enqueue for datafile 11

solution1: RMAN> run{ 2> sql 'alter tablespace tbs5 offline immediate'; 3> restore tablespace tbs5; 4> recover tablespace tbs5; 5> sql 'alter tablespace tbs5 online 6> '; 7> }

sql statement: alter tablespace tbs5 offline immediate

Starting restore at 16-OCT-12 using channel ORA_DISK_1 using channel ORA_DISK_2 using channel ORA_DISK_3

skipping datafile 2; already restored to file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs5.dbf restore not done; all files readonly, offline, or already restored Finished restore at 16-OCT-12

Starting recover at 16-OCT-12 using channel ORA_DISK_1 using channel ORA_DISK_2 using channel ORA_DISK_3

starting media recovery media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00

Finished recover at 16-OCT-12

sql statement: alter tablespace tbs5 online

solution2:

SQL> shutdown immediate ORA-01116: error in opening database file 11 ORA-01110: data file 11: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/dbs05.dbf' ORA-27041: unable to open file Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory Additional information: 3 SQL> shutdown abort ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup mount; ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 524288000 bytes Fixed Size 1220336 bytes Variable Size 188743952 bytes Database Buffers 327155712 bytes Redo Buffers 7168000 bytes Database mounted. SQL> alter system set encryption wallet open identified by oracle;

System altered.

RMAN> restore datafile 11;

Starting restore at 16-OCT-12 using channel ORA_DISK_1 using channel ORA_DISK_2 using channel ORA_DISK_3

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set restoring datafile 00011 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/dbs05.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/3_37nnt9ro_1_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/3_37nnt9ro_1_1 tag=TAG20121016T133239 channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15 Finished restore at 16-OCT-12

RMAN> recover datafile 11;

Starting recover at 16-OCT-12 using channel ORA_DISK_1 using channel ORA_DISK_2 using channel ORA_DISK_3

starting media recovery media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

Finished recover at 16-OCT-12

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

--全库恢复

unable to find archive log archive log thread=1 sequence=75 RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS =============== RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 10/16/2012 14:07:03 RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown log: thread 1 seq 75 lowscn 683408

solution: RMAN> run{ 2> set until logseq 75; 3> restore database; 4> recover database; 5> alter database open resetlogs; 6> }

坏块备份 RMAN> run{ 2> set maxcorrupt for datafile 1 to 100; 3> backup tablespace tbs5; 4> }

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