Spring-Boot - 初步搭建

时间:2022-05-04
本文章向大家介绍Spring-Boot - 初步搭建，主要内容包括一、简介、二、搭建一个基本的web-mvc 项目、2.2 Start、基本概念、基础应用、原理机制和需要注意的事项等，并结合实例形式分析了其使用技巧，希望通过本文能帮助到大家理解应用这部分内容。

official document：http://projects.spring.io/spring-boot/

项目代码： https://github.com/Ryan-Miao/springboot-test

一、简介

SpringMVC是非常伟大的框架，开源，发展迅速。优秀的设计必然会划分、解耦。所以，spring有很多子项目，比如core、context、bean、mvc等。这对知根底的人来说很简单明了，然而springmvc就是为了傻瓜式的操作而发明的。对于初学springmvc的人来说，想要入手就开发需要拷贝一连串的dependency而不知道这个是干嘛，不知道是不是少了依赖。像我刚接触springmvc的时候到处百度教程而发现各有不同，于是复制了一个又一个代码却不能自己设置，根本原因是不了解各个依赖的包。

Spring-Boot 正是为了解决繁复的代码配置而产生的。Spring-Boot 也是基于java-base 开发的代码，及不用xml文件配置，所有代码都由java来完成。还可以加入Groovy的动态语言执行。

本文只是Springboot的初始化用法，更多详情，参阅[Java Web 之 Springboot](http://www.cnblogs.com/woshimrf/p/java-web-springboot.html)

二、搭建一个基本的web-mvc 项目

2.1 Configure environment

  • java 1.8+
  • maven 3.3+
  • spring-boot 1.3.5
  • idea 15
  • Thymeleaf 3

2.2 Start

在idea中，选择new-》maven创建一个空的maven项目,比如名字springboot-test。

2.2.1pom.xml

设定java版本：

<properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>

添加依赖版本管理dependencyManagement

<dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <!-- Import dependency management from Spring Boot -->
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>1.3.5.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

添加spring-web项目依赖

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

添加build-plugin

<build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <fork>true</fork>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>

</build>

如此，一个简单的restful的webservice的项目就搭建好了。如果想要支持视图渲染，即jsp、freeMark、velocity等，添加对应的依赖即可。比如，我使用Thymeleaf模板：

<dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>

2.2.2 创建java代码

如果新建项目的名字是：springboot-test. 则创建包springboot-test/src/main/java/com/test.

com
 +- example
     +- myproject
         +- Application.java
         |
         +- domain
         |   +- Customer.java
         |   +- CustomerRepository.java
         |
         +- service
         |   +- CustomerService.java
         |
         +- web
             +- CustomerController.java

com.test是我们的基本包名。下面创建配置类com.test.AppConfig。

package com.test;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

/**
 * Created by miaorf on 2016/6/19.
 */
@SpringBootApplication
public class AppConfig {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(AppConfig.class);
    }
}

@SpringBootApplication 标注启动配置入口，可以发现通过一个main方法启动。使用这个注解的类必须放置于最外层包中，因为默认扫描这个类以下的包。否则需要自己配置@ComponentScan。

这样，配置基本完成了。下面开发控制层controller：

创建com.test.controller.HelloController。

package com.test.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * Created by miaorf on 2016/6/19.
 */
@Controller
public class HelloController {

    @RequestMapping("/index")
    public String index(Model model){

        model.addAttribute("name","Ryan");

        return "index";
    }


    @RequestMapping("/json")
    @ResponseBody
    public Map<String,Object> json(){
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String,Object>();
        map.put("name","Ryan");
        map.put("age","18");
        map.put("sex","man");
        return map;
    }
}

创建视图代码：

视图默认放在springboot-testsrcmainresourcestemplates**.

所以创建springboot-testsrcmainresourcestemplatesindex.html

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <title>Getting Started: Serving Web Content</title>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
</head>
<body>
<p th:text="'Hello, ' + ${name} + '!'" />
</body>
</html>

D:workspacespringbootspringboot-testsrcmainwebapphello.html

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Getting Started: Serving Web Content</title>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
</head>
<body>

hello, This is static page. not resolve by server, just the html.
</body>
</html>

2.2.3 run

启动方式多种，可以启动main方法，也可以通过命令行启动：

D:tempspringboot-test>mvn spring-boot:run
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[WARNING]
[WARNING] Some problems were encountered while building the effective model for com.test:springboot-test:jar:1.0-SNAPSHOT
[WARNING] 'build.plugins.plugin.version' for org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-maven-plugin is missing. @ line 49, column 21
[WARNING]
[WARNING] It is highly recommended to fix these problems because they threaten the stability of your build.
[WARNING]
[WARNING] For this reason, future Maven versions might no longer support building such malformed projects.
[WARNING]
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building springboot-test 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] >>> spring-boot-maven-plugin:1.3.5.RELEASE:run (default-cli) > test-compile @ springboot-test >>>
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ springboot-test ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Copying 2 resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ springboot-test ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ springboot-test ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:tempspringboot-testsrctestresources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ springboot-test ---
[INFO] No sources to compile
[INFO]
[INFO] <<< spring-boot-maven-plugin:1.3.5.RELEASE:run (default-cli) < test-compile @ springboot-test <<<
[INFO]
[INFO] --- spring-boot-maven-plugin:1.3.5.RELEASE:run (default-cli) @ springboot-test ---
[INFO] Attaching agents: []

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _    
( ( )___ | '_ | '_| | '_ / _` |    
 \/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |___, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::        (v1.3.5.RELEASE)

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