探究AWR 第一篇
时间:2022-05-04
本文章向大家介绍探究AWR 第一篇，主要内容包括其使用实例、应用技巧、基本知识点总结和需要注意事项，具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友可以参考一下。
statspack相比awr算是比较通用，而且免费，可以在标准版，企业版中使用，awr是新企业版本中才有的，算是statspack的一个升级版，而且代码不公开。但是实现的功能和数据的采集要更丰富。 awr算是dba工作的必备工具。自己总结了一下，大概由以下几个方面来说明一下。 1.snapshot的管理 2.基线的管理 3.所需空间开销和设置 4.awr数据的迁移 5.生成awr相关的报告 6.awr相关的视图和基表 1.snapshot的管理 先来看看snapshot，这是列出近几天的snapshot，可以看出如果数据库重启过，在两个snap的交集处会有一个分隔的回车。
Instance DB Name Snap Id Snap Started Level
------------ ------------ --------- ------------------ -----
TEST01 TEST01 15 13 Mar 2014 17:51 1
16 15 Mar 2014 04:01 1
17 15 Mar 2014 05:00 1
18 15 Mar 2014 07:03 1
19 15 Mar 2014 08:00 1
20 16 Mar 2014 19:41 1
SQL> select to_char(startup_time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')from gv$instance;
TO_CHAR(STARTUP_TIM
-------------------
2014-03-15 03:50:27要生成快照。可以直接用对应的Pl/sql包来实现。
SQL> exec dbms_workload_repository.create_snapshot;
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.可以看到，生成了一个新的快照。21：00的时候刚自动创建了一个快照，在一分钟之后手工创建了一个快照。
Instance DB Name Snap Id Snap Started Level
------------ ------------ --------- ------------------ -----
TEST01 TEST01 16 15 Mar 2014 04:01 1
17 15 Mar 2014 05:00 1
18 15 Mar 2014 07:03 1
19 15 Mar 2014 08:00 1
20 16 Mar 2014 19:41 1
21 16 Mar 2014 21:00 1
22 16 Mar 2014 21:01 1要删除快照可以使用如下的存储过程
PROCEDURE DROP_SNAPSHOT_RANGE
Argument Name Type In/Out Default?
------------------------------ ----------------------- ------ --------
LOW_SNAP_ID NUMBER IN
HIGH_SNAP_ID NUMBER IN
DBID NUMBER IN DEFAULT这样会删除两个快照，21和22. SQL> exec dbms_workload_repository.drop_snapshot_range(low_snap_id=>21,high_snap_id=>22); PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. 重新创建一个快照，快照会从23开始。
SQL> exec dbms_workload_repository.create_snapshot;
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
Instance DB Name Snap Id Snap Started Level
------------ ------------ --------- ------------------ -----
。。。。
20 16 Mar 2014 19:41 1
23 16 Mar 2014 21:06 12.基线
baseline（基线）的设置也是一个亮点，比如设定一个基准，然后隔了几个月之后，比如数据库突然出现了一些问题，然后领导肯定会问之前为什么好好的，这时候可以拿出之前的基准数据，比如这几个月数据量增长了多少，增长的情况，系统负载的增长，都可以很数字化的体现出来，会更有说服力。
基线的设定，可以使用如下的存储过程。
PROCEDURE CREATE_BASELINE
Argument Name Type In/Out Default?
------------------------------ ----------------------- ------ --------
START_SNAP_ID NUMBER IN
END_SNAP_ID NUMBER IN
BASELINE_NAME VARCHAR2 IN
DBID NUMBER IN DEFAULT
EXPIRATION NUMBER IN DEFAULT
SQL> exec dbms_workload_repository.create_baseline( START_SNAP_ID=>17,end_snap_id=>23,baseline_name=>'test_baseline');
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.3.所需空间开销和设置
awr采集的数据和指标对于排查问题还是很有帮助的，根据Oracle的描述，默认保留7天的awr数据来算。并发10个session需要大概200-300M的空间，对于一些性能敏感的系统，建议还是保留awr的时间要长一些。
默认awr的保留时间是8天,每一个小时生成一个快照。
SQL> col snap_interval for a20
SQL> col retention format a20
SQL> l
1* select *from dba_hist_wr_control
SQL> /
DBID SNAP_INTERVAL RETENTION TOPNSQL
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ----------
3645037571 +00000 01:00:00.0+00008 00:00:00.0 DEFAULT比如修改为30分钟采样一次，数据保留31天，可以这样设置
exec dbms_workload_repository.modify_snapshot_settings(interval=>30,retention=>31*24*60);
4.awr数据的迁移
可以把awr的数据迁移到别的库中做相关的诊断。迁移可以基本分为两部分。
1）数据的导出。
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/awrextr.sql
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
AWR EXTRACT
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~ This script will extract the AWR data for a range of snapshots ~
~ into a dump file. The script will prompt users for the ~
~ following information: ~
~ (1) database id ~
~ (2) snapshot range to extract ~
~ (3) name of directory object ~
~ (4) name of dump file ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Databases in this Workload Repository schema
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
DB Id DB Name Host
------------ ------------ ------------
* 3645037571 TEST01 rac1
The default database id is the local one: '3645037571'. To use this
database id, press <return> to continue, otherwise enter an alternative.
Enter value for dbid:
Using 3645037571 for Database ID
Specify the number of days of snapshots to choose from
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Entering the number of days (n) will result in the most recent
(n) days of snapshots being listed. Pressing <return> without
specifying a number lists all completed snapshots.
Enter value for num_days: 5
Listing the last 5 days of Completed Snapshots
DB Name Snap Id Snap Started
------------ --------- ------------------
TEST01 15 13 Mar 2014 17:51
16 15 Mar 2014 04:01
17 15 Mar 2014 05:00
18 15 Mar 2014 07:03
19 15 Mar 2014 08:00
20 16 Mar 2014 19:41
23 16 Mar 2014 21:06
Specify the Begin and End Snapshot Ids
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Enter value for begin_snap: 15
Begin Snapshot Id specified: 15
Enter value for end_snap: 23
End Snapshot Id specified: 23
Specify the Directory Name
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Directory Name Directory Path
------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------
DATA_PUMP_DIR /u03/ora11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/log/
ORACLE_OCM_CONFIG_DIR /u03/ora11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/ccr/state
Choose a Directory Name from the above list (case-sensitive).
Enter value for directory_name: DATA_PUMP_DIR
Using the dump directory: DATA_PUMP_DIR
Specify the Name of the Extract Dump File
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The prefix for the default dump file name is awrdat_15_23.
To use this name, press <return> to continue, otherwise enter
an alternative.
Enter value for file_name: awrextr_TEST01_RECENT_5DAYS.dmp
Using the dump file prefix: awrextr_TEST01_RECENT_5DAYS.dmp
|
| ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| The AWR extract dump file will be located
| in the following directory/file:
| /u03/ora11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/log/
| awrextr_TEST01_RECENT_5DAYS.dm.dmp
| ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
| *** AWR Extract Started ...
|
| This operation will take a few moments. The
| progress of the AWR extract operation can be
| monitored in the following directory/file:
| /u03/ora11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/log/
| awrextr_TEST01_RECENT_5DAYS.dm.log
|
End of AWR Extract
-------------------------------------数据加载
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/awrload.sql
~~~~~~~~~~
AWR LOAD
~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~ This script will load the AWR data from a dump file. The ~
~ script will prompt users for the following information: ~
~ (1) name of directory object ~
~ (2) name of dump file ~
~ (3) staging schema name to load AWR data into ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Specify the Directory Name
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Directory Name Directory Path
------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------
DATA_PUMP_DIR /u03/ora11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/log/
ORACLE_OCM_CONFIG_DIR /u03/ora11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/ccr/state
Choose a Directory Name from the list above (case-sensitive).
Enter value for directory_name: DATA_PUMP_DIR
Using the dump directory: DATA_PUMP_DIR
Specify the Name of the Dump File to Load
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Please specify the prefix of the dump file (.dmp) to load:
Enter value for file_name: awrextr_TEST01_RECENT_5DAYS.dm.dmp
Loading from the file name: awrextr_TEST01_RECENT_5DAYS.dm.dmp.dmp
Staging Schema to Load AWR Snapshot Data
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The next step is to create the staging schema
where the AWR snapshot data will be loaded.
After loading the data into the staging schema,
the data will be transferred into the AWR tables
in the SYS schema.
The default staging schema name is AWR_STAGE.
To use this name, press <return> to continue, otherwise enter
an alternative.
Enter value for schema_name:
Using the staging schema name: AWR_STAGE
Choose the Default tablespace for the AWR_STAGE user
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Choose the AWR_STAGE users's default tablespace. This is the
tablespace in which the AWR data will be staged.
TABLESPACE_NAME CONTENTS DEFAULT TABLESPACE
------------------------------ --------- ------------------
SYSAUX PERMANENT *
TEST_DATA1 PERMANENT
TEST_DATA2 PERMANENT
Pressing <return> will result in the recommended default
tablespace (identified by *) being used.
Enter value for default_tablespace:
Using tablespace SYSAUX as the default tablespace for the AWR_STAGE
Choose the Temporary tablespace for the AWR_STAGE user
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Choose the AWR_STAGE user's temporary tablespace.
TABLESPACE_NAME CONTENTS DEFAULT TEMP TABLESPACE
------------------------------ --------- -----------------------
TEMPTS1 TEMPORARY *
Pressing <return> will result in the database's default temporary
tablespace (identified by *) being used.
Enter value for temporary_tablespace:
Using tablespace TEMPTS1 as the temporary tablespace for AWR_STAGE
... Creating AWR_STAGE user
|
| ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| Loading the AWR data from the following
| directory/file:
| /u03/ora11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/log/
| awrextr_TEST01_RECENT_5DAYS.dm.dmp
| ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
| *** AWR Load Started ...
|
| This operation will take a few moments. The
| progress of the AWR load operation can be
| monitored in the following directory/file:
| /u03/ora11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/log/
| awrextr_TEST01_RECENT_5DAYS.dm.log
|它会创建一个临时的schema,把数据都放到那个schema下，然后再放入sys下面。完成后再删除临时的scema.
5.生成awr相关的报告
当然了以上只是基本的知识点，在实际中需要用awr来生成一些相关的报告。
@？/rdbms/admin/awrrpt.sql --最常见的生成awr报告的方式
@?/rdbms/admin/awrsqrpt.sql --生成awr报告中指定sql_id的执行计划
@?/rdbms/admin/awrddrpt.sql --比较两个awr报告
@?/rdbms/admin/awrrpti.sql --适用于rac环境等
6.awr相关的视图和基表
dba_hist_snapshot 显示历史的snapshot信息
dba_hist_sql_plan显示sql的执行计划
dba_hist_wr_control显示awr的一些基本信息
还有很多基表在$wrh开头的表中，里面还是有很多的关联。
如下是导出的日志。
。。。。
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