SpringMVC实现表单验证功能详解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> 
 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 
 <groupId>com.springmvc</groupId> 
 <artifactId>springmvc</artifactId> 
 <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> 
 <packaging>war</packaging> 
 
 <!-- 若不配置，打包时会提示错误信息 
 Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-compiler-plugin:2.3.2:compile (default-compile) on project springmvc: Compilation failure: 
 提示 未结束的字符串文字 ，若字符串后面加上空格后可以打包成功，但会乱码。 
 原因是：maven使用的是默认的compile插件来进行编译的。complier是maven的核心插件之一，然而complier插件默认只支持编译Java 1.4 
 --> 
 <build> 
 <plugins> 
  <plugin> 
   <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> 
   <configuration> 
    <source>1.7</source> 
    <target>1.7</target> 
    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding> 
   </configuration> 
  </plugin> 
 </plugins> 
 </build> 
 
 <properties> 
 <spring.version>4.1.3.RELEASE</spring.version> 
 </properties> 
 <dependencies> 
 <!-- spring begin --> 
 <dependency> 
  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 
  <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> 
  <version>${spring.version}</version> 
 </dependency> 
 
 <dependency> 
  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 
  <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> 
  <version>${spring.version}</version> 
 </dependency> 
 
 <dependency> 
  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 
  <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> 
  <version>${spring.version}</version> 
 </dependency> 
 
 <dependency> 
  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 
  <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> 
  <version>${spring.version}</version> 
 </dependency> 
  
 <dependency> 
  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 
  <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> 
  <version>${spring.version}</version> 
 </dependency> 
 
 <!-- spring end --> 
 <dependency> 
  <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> 
  <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> 
  <version>4.0.0</version> 
  <scope>provided</scope> 
 </dependency> 
 <dependency> 
  <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> 
  <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> 
  <version>1.2</version> 
 </dependency> 
 <dependency> 
  <groupId>taglibs</groupId> 
  <artifactId>standard</artifactId> 
  <version>1.1.2</version> 
 </dependency> 
 <!-- 缺少jsp-api 则提示 javax.servlet.jsp.JspException cannot be resolved to a type --> 
 <dependency> 
  <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> 
  <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId> 
  <version>2.2</version> 
  <scope>provided</scope> 
 </dependency> 
 <!-- JSR 303 start --> 
 <dependency> 
  <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> 
  <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId> 
  <version>5.4.1.Final</version> 
 </dependency> 
 <dependency> 
  <groupId>javax.validation</groupId> 
  <artifactId>validation-api</artifactId> 
  <version>1.1.0.Final</version> 
 </dependency> 
 <!-- JSR 303 end --> 
   
 </dependencies> 
</project> 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
 xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" 
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd 
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd"> 
 
 <!-- 配置自定扫描的包 --> 
 <context:component-scan base-package="com.itdragon.springmvc" /> 
 
 <!-- 配置视图解析器 --> 
 <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> 
  <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"></property> 
  <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property> 
 </bean> 
  
 <!-- 配置注解驱动 --> 
 <mvc:annotation-driven /> 
 
 <!-- 配置视图 BeanNameViewResolver 解析器 
  使用视图的名字来解析视图 
  通过 order 属性来定义视图解析器的优先级, order 值越小优先级越高 
 --> 
 <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.BeanNameViewResolver"> 
  <property name="order" value="100"></property> 
 </bean> 
  
 <!-- 配置直接跳转的页面，无需经过Controller层 
  http://localhost:8080/springmvc/index 
  然后会跳转到 WEB-INF/views/index.jsp 页面 
 --> 
 <mvc:view-controller path="/index" view-name="index"/> 
  
 <mvc:default-servlet-handler/> 
  
 <!-- 配置国际化资源文件 --> 
 <bean id="messageSource" 
  class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource"> 
  <property name="basename" value="i18n"></property> 
 </bean> 
  
</beans> 

import java.util.Map; 
import javax.validation.Valid; 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; 
import org.springframework.validation.Errors; 
import org.springframework.validation.FieldError; 
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute; 
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; 
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; 
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; 
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; 
 
import com.itdragon.springmvc.crud.dao.PositionDao; 
import com.itdragon.springmvc.crud.dao.UserDao; 
import com.itdragon.springmvc.crud.orm.User; 
 
@Controller 
public class UserController { 
 
 @Autowired 
 private UserDao userDao; 
  
 @Autowired 
 private PositionDao positionDao; 
  
 private static final String INPUT = "input"; // 跳转到编辑页面 
 
 private static final String LIST = "list"; // 跳转到用户列表页面 
 
 @ModelAttribute 
 public void getUser(@RequestParam(value="id",required=false) Integer id, 
   Map<String, Object> map){ 
  if(id != null){ 
   map.put("user", userDao.getUserById(id)); 
  } 
 } 
  
 // 更新用户，用put请求方式区别get请求方式，属于SpringMVC rest 风格的crud 
 @RequestMapping(value="/user", method=RequestMethod.PUT) 
 public String updateUser(User user){ 
  userDao.save(user); 
  return "redirect:/users"; 
 } 
  
 // 点击编辑跳转编辑页面 
 @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}", method=RequestMethod.GET) 
 public String input(@PathVariable("id") Integer id, Map<String, Object> map){ 
  map.put("user", userDao.getUserById(id)); 
  map.put("positions", positionDao.queryAllPositions()); 
  return INPUT; 
 } 
  
 // 通过id删除用户 
 @RequestMapping(value="/delete/{id}", method=RequestMethod.GET) 
 public String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ 
  userDao.deleteUserById(id); 
  return "redirect:/users"; 
 } 
  
 /** 
  * 新增用户，若保存成功则跳转到用户列表页面，若失败则跳转到编辑页面 
  * @param user 用 @Valid 注解修饰后，可实现数据校验的逻辑 
  * @param result 数据校验结果 
  * @param map 数据模型 
  * @return 
  */ 
 @RequestMapping(value="/user", method=RequestMethod.POST) 
 public String save(@Valid User user, Errors result, Map<String, Object> map){ 
  if(result.getErrorCount() > 0){ 
   for(FieldError error : result.getFieldErrors()){ 
    System.out.println(error.getField() + " : " + error.getDefaultMessage()); 
   } 
   map.put("positions", positionDao.queryAllPositions()); 
   return INPUT; 
  } 
  userDao.save(user); 
  return "redirect:/users"; 
 } 
  
 @RequestMapping(value="/user", method=RequestMethod.GET) 
 public String input(Map<String, Object> map){ 
  map.put("positions", positionDao.queryAllPositions()); 
  map.put("user", new User()); 
  return INPUT; 
 } 
  
 // 跳转用户列表页面 
 @RequestMapping("/users") 
 public String list(Map<String, Object> map){ 
  map.put("users", userDao.queryAllUsers()); 
  return LIST; 
 } 
  
} 

String name  @NotNull @NotEmpty @NotBlank
null       false    false    false
""       true    false    false
" "       true    true    false
"ITDragon!"   true    true    true

import java.util.Date; 
import javax.validation.constraints.DecimalMin; 
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Email; 
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.NotEmpty; 
import org.springframework.format.annotation.DateTimeFormat; 
import org.springframework.format.annotation.NumberFormat; 
 
public class User { 
  
 private Integer id; 
 @NotEmpty 
 private String account; 
 @Email 
 @NotEmpty 
 private String email; 
 private Integer sex; 
 private Position position; 
 @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd") 
 private Date createdDate; 
 @NumberFormat(pattern="###,###.#") 
 @DecimalMin("2000") 
 private Double salary; 
  
 public User() { 
 } 
 public User(Integer id, String account, String email, Integer sex, 
   Position position, Date createdDate, Double salary) { 
  this.id = id; 
  this.account = account; 
  this.email = email; 
  this.sex = sex; 
  this.position = position; 
  this.createdDate = createdDate; 
  this.salary = salary; 
 } 
 public Integer getId() { 
  return id; 
 } 
 public void setId(Integer id) { 
  this.id = id; 
 } 
 public String getAccount() { 
  return account; 
 } 
 public void setAccount(String account) { 
  this.account = account; 
 } 
 public String getEmail() { 
  return email; 
 } 
 public void setEmail(String email) { 
  this.email = email; 
 } 
 public Integer getSex() { 
  return sex; 
 } 
 public void setSex(Integer sex) { 
  this.sex = sex; 
 } 
 public Position getPosition() { 
  return position; 
 } 
 public void setPosition(Position position) { 
  this.position = position; 
 } 
 public Date getCreatedDate() { 
  return createdDate; 
 } 
 public void setCreatedDate(Date createdDate) { 
  this.createdDate = createdDate; 
 } 
 public Double getSalary() { 
  return salary; 
 } 
 public void setSalary(Double salary) { 
  this.salary = salary; 
 } 
 @Override 
 public String toString() { 
  return "User [id=" + id + ", account=" + account + ", email=" + email 
    + ", sex=" + sex + ", position=" + position + ", createdDate=" 
    + createdDate + ", salary=" + salary + "]"; 
 } 
 
} 

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> 
<%@page import="java.util.HashMap"%> 
<%@page import="java.util.Map"%> 
<%@ taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" %> 
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %> 
 
<!DOCTYPE html"> 
<html> 
<head> 
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> 
<title>SpringMVC 表单操作</title> 
<link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="stylesheet"> 
</head> 
<body> 
 
 <!-- 
 1. 使用 form 标签可以更快速的开发出表单页面, 而且可以更方便的进行表单值的回显。 
 step1 导入标签 taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" 
 step2 和普通的form用法差不多。path 相当于 普通的form的name，form:hidden 隐藏域，form:errors 提示错误信息。 
 2. 使用form 标签需要注意: 
 通过 modelAttribute 属性指定绑定的模型属性, 该数据模型必须是实例化过的。 
 若没有 modelAttribute 指定该属性，则默认从 request 域对象中读取 command 的表单 bean (如果该属性值也不存在，则会发生错误)。 
 java.lang.IllegalStateException: Neither BindingResult nor plain target object for bean name 'command' available as request attribute 
 --> 
 <div class="container"> 
 <div class="row"> 
  <div class="col-sm-6"> 
  <div class="panel panel-info" style="margin-top:10px;"> 
  <div class="panel-heading"> 
   <h3 class="panel-title">修改或创建用户信息</h3> 
  </div> 
  <div class="panel-body"> 
   <form:form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/user" method="POST" 
   modelAttribute="user" class="form-horizontal" role="form"> 
   <c:if test="${user.id == null }"> 
    <!-- path 属性对应 html 表单标签的 name 属性值 --> 
    <div class="form-group"> 
    <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">Account</label> 
    <div class="col-sm-10"> 
     <form:input class="form-control" path="account"/> 
     <form:errors style="color:red" path="account"></form:errors> 
    </div> 
    </div> 
   </c:if> 
   <c:if test="${user.id != null }"> 
    <form:hidden path="id"/> 
    <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT"/> 
    <%-- 对于 _method 不能使用 form:hidden 标签, 因为 modelAttribute 对应的 bean 中没有 _method 这个属性 --%> 
    <%-- 
    <form:hidden path="_method" value="PUT"/> 
    --%> 
   </c:if> 
   <div class="form-group"> 
    <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">Email</label> 
    <div class="col-sm-10"> 
    <form:input class="form-control" path="email"/> 
    <form:errors style="color:red" path="email"></form:errors> 
    </div> 
   </div> 
   <!-- 这是SpringMVC 不足之处 --> 
   <% 
    Map<String, String> genders = new HashMap(); 
    genders.put("1", "Male"); 
    genders.put("0", "Female"); 
    request.setAttribute("genders", genders); 
   %> 
   <div class="form-group"> 
    <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">Sex</label> 
    <div class="col-sm-10"> 
    <form:radiobuttons path="sex" items="${genders }" /> 
    </div> 
   </div> 
   <div class="form-group"> 
    <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">Position</label> 
    <div class="col-sm-10"> 
    <form:select class="form-control" path="position.id" items="${positions}" itemLabel="level" itemValue="id"> 
    </form:select> 
    </div> 
   </div> 
   <div class="form-group"> 
    <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">Date</label> 
    <div class="col-sm-10"> 
    <form:input class="form-control" path="createdDate"/> 
    <form:errors style="color:red" path="createdDate"></form:errors> 
    </div> 
   </div> 
   <div class="form-group"> 
    <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">Salary</label> 
    <div class="col-sm-10"> 
    <form:input class="form-control" path="salary"/> 
    <form:errors style="color:red" path="salary"></form:errors> 
    </div> 
   </div> 
   <input class="btn btn-success" type="submit" value="Submit"/> 
   </form:form> 
  </div> 
  </div> 
  </div> 
 </div> 
 </div> 
 
</body> 
</html>

public class Position { 
 
 private Integer id; 
 private String level; 
 
 public Position() { 
 } 
 public Position(Integer id, String level) { 
 this.id = id; 
 this.level = level; 
 } 
 public Integer getId() { 
 return id; 
 } 
 public void setId(Integer id) { 
 this.id = id; 
 } 
 public String getLevel() { 
 return level; 
 } 
 public void setLevel(String level) { 
 this.level = level; 
 } 
 @Override 
 public String toString() { 
 return "Position [id=" + id + ", level=" + level + "]"; 
 } 
} 

import java.util.Collection; 
import java.util.Date; 
import java.util.HashMap; 
import java.util.Map; 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; 
import com.itdragon.springmvc.crud.orm.Position; 
import com.itdragon.springmvc.crud.orm.User; 
 
@Repository 
public class UserDao { 
 
 private static Map<Integer, User> users = null; 
 
 @Autowired 
 private PositionDao positionDao; 
 
 // 模拟数据库查询数据 
 static{ 
 users = new HashMap<Integer, User>(); 
 users.put(1, new User(1, "ITDragon", "11@xl.com", 1, new Position(1, "架构师"), new Date(), 18888.88)); 
 users.put(2, new User(2, "Blog", "22@xl.com", 1, new Position(2, "高级工程师"), new Date(), 15555.55)); 
 users.put(3, new User(3, "Welcome", "33@xl.com", 0, new Position(3, "中级工程师"), new Date(), 8888.88)); 
 users.put(4, new User(4, "To", "44@xl.com", 0, new Position(4, "初级工程师"), new Date(), 5555.55)); 
 users.put(5, new User(5, "You", "55@xl.com", 1, new Position(5, "java实习生"), new Date(), 2222.22)); 
 } 
 
 // 下一次存储的下标id 
 private static Integer initId = 6; 
 
 public void save(User user){ 
 if(user.getId() == null){ 
  user.setId(initId++); 
 } 
  
 user.setPosition(positionDao.getPositionById(user.getPosition().getId())); 
 users.put(user.getId(), user); 
 } 
 
 public Collection<User> queryAllUsers(){ 
 return users.values(); 
 } 
 
 public User getUserById(Integer id){ 
 return users.get(id); 
 } 
 
 public void deleteUserById(Integer id){ 
 users.remove(id); 
 } 
} 

import java.util.Collection; 
import java.util.HashMap; 
import java.util.Map; 
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; 
import com.itdragon.springmvc.crud.orm.Position; 
 
@Repository 
public class PositionDao { 
 
 private static Map<Integer, Position> positions = null; 
 
 static{ 
 positions = new HashMap<Integer, Position>(); 
  
 positions.put(1, new Position(1, "架构师")); 
 positions.put(2, new Position(2, "高级工程师")); 
 positions.put(3, new Position(3, "中级工程师")); 
 positions.put(4, new Position(4, "初级工程师")); 
 positions.put(5, new Position(5, "java实习生")); 
 } 
 
 // 模拟查询所有数据 
 public Collection<Position> queryAllPositions(){ 
 return positions.values(); 
 } 
 
 // 模拟通过id查询数据 
 public Position getPositionById(Integer id){ 
 return positions.get(id); 
 } 
 
} 

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> 
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %> 
<%@ taglib prefix="fmt" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt" %> 
 
<!DOCTYPE html"> 
<html> 
<head> 
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> 
<title>SpringMVC 表单操作</title> 
<link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="stylesheet"> 
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery.js"></script> 
<script type="text/javascript"> 
 $(function(){ 
 $(".delete").click(function(){ 
  var msg = confirm("确定要删除这条数据？"); 
  if (true == msg) { 
  $(this).onclick(); 
  } else { 
  return false; 
  } 
 }); 
 }) 
</script> 
</head> 
<body> 
 
 
 <!-- 用于删除的form --> 
 <form action="" method="POST" id="deleteForm"> 
 <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE"/> 
 </form> 
 
 <div class="container"> 
 <div class="row"> 
  <div class="col-sm-9"> 
  <c:if test="${empty requestScope.users }"> 
  没有任何员工信息. 
  </c:if> 
  <c:if test="${!empty requestScope.users }"> 
  <div class="table-responsive"> 
   <table class="table table-bordered"> 
   <caption>用户信息表 <a href="user" rel="external nofollow" class="btn btn-default" >Add Account</a></caption> 
   <thead> 
   <tr> 
    <th>用户编码</th> 
    <th>账号名</th> 
    <th>邮箱</th> 
    <th>性别</th> 
    <th>职位</th> 
    <th>薪水</th> 
    <th>时间</th> 
    <th>编辑</th> 
    <th>删除</th> 
   </tr> 
   </thead> 
   <tbody> 
   <c:forEach items="${requestScope.users }" var="user"> 
    <tr> 
    <td>${user.id }</td> 
    <td>${user.account }</td> 
    <td>${user.email }</td> 
    <td>${user.sex == 0 ? 'Female' : 'Male' }</td> 
    <td>${user.position.level }</td> 
    <td>${user.salary }</td> 
    <td><fmt:formatDate value="${user.createdDate }" pattern="yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"/></td> 
    <td><a href="user/${user.id}" rel="external nofollow" >Edit</a></td> 
    <td><a class="delete" href="delete/${user.id}" rel="external nofollow" >Delete</a></td> 
    </tr> 
   </c:forEach> 
   </tbody> 
   </table> 
  </div> 
  </c:if> 
  </div> 
 </div> 
 </div> 
 
</body> 
</html>