Python自动化之pytest常用插件

时间:2021-07-18
本文章向大家介绍Python自动化之pytest常用插件,主要包括Python自动化之pytest常用插件使用实例、应用技巧、基本知识点总结和需要注意事项,具有一定的参考价值,需要的朋友可以参考一下。

1、失败重跑 pytest-rerunfailures

  安装:pip install pytest-rerunfailures

  使用:pytest test_class.py --reruns 5 --reruns-delay 1 -vs  (失败后重新运行5次,每次间隔1秒)

     @pytest.mark.flaky(reruns = 5 ,reruns-delay = 1 ) 指定某个用例

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
"""
@author:chenshifeng
@file:test_calc2.py
@time:2020/09/16
"""

import pytest

@pytest.mark.parametrize('a,b,result', [
(
1, 1, 3),
(
2, 2, 4),
(
100, 100, 200),
(
0.1, 0.1, 0.2),
(
-1, -1, -2)
], ids
=['int', 'int', 'bignum', 'float', 'fushu']) # 参数化
def test_add(a, b, result):
# cal = Calculator()
assert result == a + b

命令行执行:

pytest test_calc2.py --reruns 5 --reruns-delay 1 -vs

结果如下:

============================================================================= test session starts =============================================================================
platform darwin -- Python 3.6.4, pytest-6.0.2, py-1.9.0, pluggy-0.13.1 -- /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/bin/python3.6
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: /Users/chenshifeng/MyCode/PythonCode/SFDSZL/test_pytest, configfile: pytest.ini
plugins: rerunfailures-9.1, dependency-0.5.1, ordering-0.6, assume-2.3.2
collected 5 items                                                                                                                                                             

test_calc2.py::test_add[int0] RERUN
test_calc2.py::test_add[int0] RERUN
test_calc2.py::test_add[int0] RERUN
test_calc2.py::test_add[int0] RERUN
test_calc2.py::test_add[int0] RERUN
test_calc2.py::test_add[int0] FAILED
test_calc2.py::test_add[int1] PASSED
test_calc2.py::test_add[bignum] PASSED
test_calc2.py::test_add[float] PASSED
test_calc2.py::test_add[fushu] PASSED

================================================================================== FAILURES ===================================================================================
_______________________________________________________________________________ test_add[int0] ________________________________________________________________________________

a = 1, b = 1, result = 3

@pytest.mark.parametrize(</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">a,b,result</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">, [
    (</span>1, 1, 3<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">),
    (</span>2, 2, 4<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">),
    (</span>100, 100, 200<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">),
    (</span>0.1, 0.1, 0.2<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">),
    (</span>-1, -1, -2<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">)
], ids</span>=[<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">int</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>, <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">int</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>, <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">bignum</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>, <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">float</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>, <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">fushu</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>])  <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 参数化</span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">def</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> test_add(a, b, result):
    cal </span>=<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> Calculator()

> assert result == cal.add(a, b)
E
assert 3 == 2
E
+3
E
-2

test_calc2.py:26: AssertionError
=========================================================================== short test summary info ===========================================================================
FAILED test_calc2.py::test_add[int0]
- assert 3 == 2
==================================================================== 1 failed, 4 passed, 5 rerun in 5.11s =====================================================================

通过装饰器设置重跑次数与延时时间

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
"""
@author:chenshifeng
@file:test_calc2.py
@time:2020/09/16
"""

import pytest

@pytest.mark.parametrize('a,b,result', [
(
1, 1, 3),
(
2, 2, 4),
(
100, 100, 200),
(
0.1, 0.1, 0.2),
(
-1, -1, -2)
], ids
=['int', 'int', 'bignum', 'float', 'fushu']) # 参数化

通过装饰器设置重跑次数

@pytest.mark.flaky(reruns=6, reruns_delay=2)
def test_add(a, b, result):
# cal = Calculator()
assert result == a + b

结果:

Testing started at 10:10 下午 ...
/usr/local/bin/python3.6 "/Applications/PyCharm CE.app/Contents/plugins/python-ce/helpers/pycharm/_jb_pytest_runner.py" --target test_calc2.py::test_add
Launching pytest with arguments test_calc2.py::test_add in /Users/chenshifeng/MyCode/PythonCode/SFDSZL/test_pytest/testcode

============================= test session starts ==============================
platform darwin
-- Python 3.6.4, pytest-6.0.2, py-1.9.0, pluggy-0.13.1 -- /usr/local/bin/python3.6
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir:
/Users/chenshifeng/MyCode/PythonCode/SFDSZL/test_pytest, configfile: pytest.ini
plugins: rerunfailures
-9.1, dependency-0.5.1, ordering-0.6, assume-2.3.2
collecting ... collected
5 items

test_calc2.py::test_add[int0] RERUN [ 20%]
test_calc2.py::test_add[int0] RERUN [
20%]
test_calc2.py::test_add[int0] RERUN [
20%]
test_calc2.py::test_add[int0] RERUN [
20%]
test_calc2.py::test_add[int0] RERUN [
20%]
test_calc2.py::test_add[int0] RERUN [
20%]
test_calc2.py::test_add[int0] FAILED [
20%]
testcode
/test_calc2.py:11 (test_add[int0])
3 != 2

Expected :2
Actual :
3
<Click to see difference>

a = 1, b = 1, result = 3

@pytest.mark.parametrize(</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">a,b,result</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">, [
    (</span>1, 1, 3<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">),
    (</span>2, 2, 4<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">),
    (</span>100, 100, 200<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">),
    (</span>0.1, 0.1, 0.2<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">),
    (</span>-1, -1, -2<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">)
], ids</span>=[<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">int</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>, <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">int</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>, <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">bignum</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>, <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">float</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>, <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">fushu</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>])  <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 参数化</span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 通过装饰器设置重跑次数</span>
@pytest.mark.flaky(reruns=6, reruns_delay=2<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">)
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">def</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> test_add(a, b, result):
    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> cal = Calculator()</span>

> assert result == a + b
E
assert 3 == 2

test_calc2.py:23: AssertionError
PASSED [
40%]PASSED [ 60%]PASSED [ 80%]PASSED [100%]
Assertion failed

Assertion failed

Assertion failed

Assertion failed

test_calc2.py::test_add[int1]
test_calc2.py::test_add[bignum]
test_calc2.py::test_add[float]
test_calc2.py::test_add[fushu]

=================================== FAILURES ===================================
test_add[int0]

a = 1, b = 1, result = 3

@pytest.mark.parametrize(</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">a,b,result</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">, [
    (</span>1, 1, 3<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">),
    (</span>2, 2, 4<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">),
    (</span>100, 100, 200<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">),
    (</span>0.1, 0.1, 0.2<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">),
    (</span>-1, -1, -2<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">)
], ids</span>=[<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">int</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>, <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">int</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>, <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">bignum</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>, <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">float</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>, <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">fushu</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>])  <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 参数化</span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 通过装饰器设置重跑次数</span>
@pytest.mark.flaky(reruns=6, reruns_delay=2<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">)
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">def</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> test_add(a, b, result):
    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> cal = Calculator()</span>

> assert result == a + b
E
assert 3 == 2

test_calc2.py:23: AssertionError
=========================== short test summary info ============================
FAILED test_calc2.py::test_add[int0]
- assert 3 == 2
==================== 1 failed, 4 passed, 6 rerun in 12.13s =====================

Process finished with exit code 1

Assertion failed

Assertion failed

Assertion failed

Assertion failed

2、多重校验 pytest-assume

  正常情况下一条用例如果有多条断言,一条断言失败了,其他断言就不会执行了,而使用pytest-assume可以继续执行下面的断言

    安装  :  pip install  pytest-assume

    执行  : pytest.assume(1==3)

for example:

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
"""
@author:chenshifeng
@file:test_calc2.py
@time:2020/09/16
"""

import pytest

def test_assume():
print('登录操作')
pytest.assume(
1 == 2)
print('搜索操作')
pytest.assume(
2 == 2)
print('加购操作')
pytest.assume(
3 == 2)

运行结果:

Testing started at 10:23 下午 ...
/usr/local/bin/python3.6 "/Applications/PyCharm CE.app/Contents/plugins/python-ce/helpers/pycharm/_jb_pytest_runner.py" --target test_calc2.py::test_assume
Launching pytest with arguments test_calc2.py::test_assume in /Users/chenshifeng/MyCode/PythonCode/SFDSZL/test_pytest/testcode

============================= test session starts ==============================
platform darwin
-- Python 3.6.4, pytest-6.0.2, py-1.9.0, pluggy-0.13.1 -- /usr/local/bin/python3.6
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir:
/Users/chenshifeng/MyCode/PythonCode/SFDSZL/test_pytest, configfile: pytest.ini
plugins: rerunfailures
-9.1, dependency-0.5.1, ordering-0.6, assume-2.3.2
collecting ... collected
1 item

test_calc2.py::test_assume FAILED [100%]登录操作
搜索操作
加购操作

testcode/test_calc2.py:11 (test_assume)
tp
= <class 'pytest_assume.plugin.FailedAssumption'>, value = None, tb = None

</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">def</span> reraise(tp, value, tb=<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">None):
    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">try</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">:
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> value <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">is</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> None:
            value </span>=<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> tp()
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> value.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">__traceback__</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">is</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">not</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> tb:

> raise value.with_traceback(tb)
E pytest_assume.plugin.FailedAssumption:
E
2 Failed Assumptions:
E
E test_calc2.py:
14: AssumptionFailure
E
>> pytest.assume(1 == 2)
E AssertionError:
assert False
E
E test_calc2.py:
18: AssumptionFailure
E
>> pytest.assume(3 == 2)
E AssertionError:
assert False

/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/six.py:702: FailedAssumption

Assertion failed

Assertion failed

=================================== FAILURES ===================================
test_assume _

tp = <class 'pytest_assume.plugin.FailedAssumption'>, value = None, tb = None

</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">def</span> reraise(tp, value, tb=<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">None):
    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">try</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">:
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> value <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">is</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> None:
            value </span>=<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> tp()
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> value.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">__traceback__</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">is</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">not</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> tb:

> raise value.with_traceback(tb)
E pytest_assume.plugin.FailedAssumption:
E
2 Failed Assumptions:
E
E test_calc2.py:
14: AssumptionFailure
E
>> pytest.assume(1 == 2)
E AssertionError:
assert False
E
E test_calc2.py:
18: AssumptionFailure
E
>> pytest.assume(3 == 2)
E AssertionError:
assert False

/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/six.py:702: FailedAssumption
----------------------------- Captured stdout call -----------------------------
登录操作
搜索操作
加购操作
=========================== short test summary info
FAILED test_calc2.py::test_assume
- pytest_assume.plugin.FailedAssumption:
== 1 failed in 0.09s ===============================

Process finished with exit code 1

Assertion failed

Assertion failed

Assertion failed

Assertion failed

3、设定执行顺序 pytest-ordering

  正常情况下,用例默认执行顺序是自上而下的,对于一些有上下文依赖关系的用例,可是通过  pytest-ordering 来设置执行顺序,当然,通过setup、teardown和fixture来解决也是可以的

  安装插件  :  pip install  pytest-ordering

  使用方法  :  @pytest.mark.run(order=2)

  需要注意的是,当有多个装饰器的时候,可能会发生冲突(比如参数化)

For example, this:

import pytest

@pytest.mark.run(order=2)
def test_foo():
assert True

@pytest.mark.run(order=1)
def test_bar():
assert True

Yields this output:

============================= test session starts ==============================
platform darwin -- Python 3.6.4, pytest-6.0.2, py-1.9.0, pluggy-0.13.1 -- /usr/local/bin/python3.6
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: /Users/chenshifeng/MyCode/PythonCode/SFDSZL/test_pytest, configfile: pytest.ini
plugins: rerunfailures-9.1, dependency-0.5.1, ordering-0.6, assume-2.3.2
collecting ... collected 2 items

test_ordering.py::test_bar
test_ordering.py::test_foo

============================== 2 passed in 0.02s ===============================

4、用例依赖(pytest-dependency)

使用该插件可以标记一个testcase作为其他testcase的依赖,当依赖项执行失败时,那些依赖它的test将会被跳过。

安装  : pip install pytest-dependency

使用方法: 用 @pytest.mark.dependency()对所依赖的方法进行标记,使用@pytest.mark.dependency(depends=["test_name"])引用依赖,test_name可以是多个。

上用例:

import pytest

@pytest.mark.dependency()
def test_01():
assert False

@pytest.mark.dependency(depends=["test_01"])
def test_02():
print("执行测试2")

output:

=========================== short test summary info ============================
FAILED test_ordering.py::test_01 - assert False
========================= 1 failed, 1 skipped in 0.06s =========================

Process finished with exit code 1

 5.分布式测试(pytest-xdist)

  • 平常我们功能测试用例非常多时,比如有1千条用例,假设每个用例执行需要1分钟,如果单个测试人员执行需要1000分钟才能跑完
  • 当项目非常紧急时,会需要协调多个测试资源来把任务分成两部分,于是执行时间缩短一半,如果有10个小伙伴,那么执行时间就会变成十分之一,大大节省了测试时间
  • 为了节省项目测试时间,10个测试同时并行测试,这就是一种分布式场景

 分布式执行用例的原则:

        • 用例之间是独立的,没有依赖关系,完全可以独立运行
        • 用例执行没有顺序要求,随机顺序都能正常执行
        • 每个用例都能重复运行,运行结果不会影响其他用例

  插件安装:
      pip3 install pytest-xdist -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple/ --trusted-host pypi.douban.com

  使用方法:

      pytest  -n  2   (2代表2个CPU)

      pytest  -n  auto  

    •   n auto:可以自动检测到系统的CPU核数;从测试结果来看,检测到的是逻辑处理器的数量,即假12核
    •   使用auto等于利用了所有CPU来跑用例,此时CPU占用率会特别高

6.生成报告(pytest-html)

pytest-html是一个插件,pytest用于生成测试结果的HTML报告。兼容Python 2.7,3.6

安装插件: pip install pytest-html

使用方法: pytest --html=report.html

转载自https://www.cnblogs.com/feng0815/p/13682096.html

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/R-bear/p/15026899.html