SpringCloudAlibaba - 整合 Gateway 实现对微服务的反向代理

目录

• 前言
  • 环境
  • 为什么要使用网关
  • Gateway的优点
  • Gateway 核心概念
• Gateway 整合实例
  • 网关 core-gateway
  • 用户中心 user-center
  • 测试

前言

Spring Cloud Gateway是SpringCloud生态的第二代网关(第一代是Zuul)，基于Netty、Reactor以及WebFlux构建

环境

Spring Cloud Hoxton.SR9 + Spring Cloud Alibaba 2.2.6.RELEASE

为什么要使用网关

• 简化登录认证，网关统一认证再转发到其它微服务
• 网关方式对外暴露的永远是一个域名，客户端配置简单

Gateway的优点

• 性能强劲，是第一代网关Zuul 1.x的1.6倍
• 内置了很多实用功能，如转发、监控、限流等
• 易扩展

Gateway 核心概念

名称	解释	作用
Route	路由	一个转发规则，包含ID、目标URL、Predicate集合一级Filter集合
Predicate	谓词，也称断言	控制请求是否走转发规则的条件
Filter	过滤器	修改请求以及响应，可以为路由添加业务逻辑

Gateway 整合实例

网关 core-gateway

• pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.2.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.coisini</groupId>
    <artifactId>core-gateway</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>core-gateway</name>
    <description>Gateway project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR9</spring-cloud.version>
        <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.2.6.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <!-- gateway -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- nacos client -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- actuator -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!-- 整合spring cloud -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!-- 整合spring cloud alibaba -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

• application.yml

spring:
  application:
    name: core-gateway
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: localhost:8848
    gateway:
      discovery:
        locator:
          # 让gateway通过服务发现组件找到其它的服务
          enabled: true

server:
  port: 8040

# Actuator
management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: "*"
  endpoint:
    health:
      show-details: always

用户中心 user-center

• TestController.java

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class TestController {

    @GetMapping("/test/{name}")
    public String test(@PathVariable String name) {
        log.info("请求...");
        return "hello " + name;
    }

}

测试

• 启动网关，访问Nacos控制台

• 测试接口访问

---

Gateway的转发规律：访问${GATEWAY_URL}/{微服务X}/xx 会转发到微服务X 的 /xx 路径

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