MySQL-MyCAT分布式架构
时间:2020-05-30
本文章向大家介绍MySQL-MyCAT分布式架构，主要包括MySQL-MyCAT分布式架构使用实例、应用技巧、基本知识点总结和需要注意事项，具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友可以参考一下。
MySQL-MyCAT分布式架构
MyCAT基础架构准备
| 主机名 | ip地址 |
|---|---|
| sql01 | 10.0.1.110 |
| sql02 | 10.0.1.120 |
#环境准备：
两台虚拟机 sql01 sql02
每台创建四个mysql实例：3307 3308 3309 3310
#创建相关目录初始化数据
[root@sql01 ~]# mkdir /data/33{07..10}/data -p
[root@sql01 ~]# mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3307/data --basedir=/application/mysql
[root@sql01 ~]# mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3308/data --basedir=/application/mysql
[root@sql01 ~]# mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3309/data --basedir=/application/mysql
[root@sql01 ~]# mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3310/data --basedir=/application/mysql
#准备配置文件
[root@sql01 ~]# cat >/data/3307/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3307/data
socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock
port=3307
log-error=/data/3307/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=7
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
[root@sql01 ~]# cat >/data/3308/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3308/data
port=3308
socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock
log-error=/data/3308/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3308/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=8
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
[root@sql01 ~]# cat >/data/3309/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3309/data
socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock
port=3309
log-error=/data/3309/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3309/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=9
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
[root@sql01 ~]# cat >/data/3310/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3310/data
socket=/data/3310/mysql.sock
port=3310
log-error=/data/3310/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3310/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=10
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
#准备启动脚本
[root@sql01 ~]# cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3307.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
[root@sql01 ~]# cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3308.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
[root@sql01 ~]#
[root@sql01 ~]# cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3309.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
[root@sql01 ~]# cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3310.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3310/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
[root@sql01 ~]#
#修改权限，启动多实例
[root@sql01 ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/*
[root@sql01 ~]# systemctl start mysqld3307
[root@sql01 ~]# systemctl start mysqld3308
[root@sql01 ~]# systemctl start mysqld3309
[root@sql01 ~]# systemctl start mysqld3310
[root@sql01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
ke 'server_id'"+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| server_id | 7 |
+---------------+-------+
[root@sql01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| server_id | 8 |
+---------------+-------+
[root@sql01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| server_id | 9 |
+---------------+-------+
[root@sql01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| server_id | 10 |
+---------------+-------+
[root@sql01 ~]#
节点主从规划
箭头指向谁是主库
10.0.0.51:3307 <-----> 10.0.0.52:3307
10.0.0.51:3309 ------> 10.0.0.51:3307
10.0.0.52:3309 ------> 10.0.0.52:3307
10.0.0.52:3308 <-----> 10.0.0.51:3308
10.0.0.52:3310 -----> 10.0.0.52:3308
10.0.0.51:3310 -----> 10.0.0.51:3308
shard1：
Master：10.0.1.110:3307
slave1：10.0.1.110:3309
Standby Master：10.0.1.120:3307
slave2：10.0.1.120:3309
shard2：
Master：10.0.1.120:3308
slave1：10.0.1.120:3310
Standby Master：10.0.1.110:3308
slave2：10.0.1.110:3310
#开始配置
#第一组四节点结构
# 10.0.1.110:3307 <-----> 10.0.1.120:3307
#sql02
[root@sql02 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'10.0.1.%' identified by '123';"
[root@sql02 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.1.%' identified by '123' with grant option;"
#sql01
[root@sql01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.1.120', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
[root@sql01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
[root@sql01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
#sql02
[root@sql02 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.1.110', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
[root@sql02 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
[root@sql02 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
# 10.0.1.110:3309 ------> 10.0.1.110:3307
#sql01
[root@sql01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.1.110', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
[root@sql01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
[root@sql01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
# 10.0.1.120:3309 ------> 10.0.1.120:3307
[root@sql02 ~]# mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.1.120', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
[root@sql02 ~]# mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
[root@sql02 ~]# mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
#第二组四节点结构
#10.0.1.120:3308 <-----> 10.0.1.110:3308
#sql01
[root@sql01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'10.0.1.%' identified by '123';"
[root@sql01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.1.%' identified by '123' with grant option;"
#sql02
[root@sql02 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.1.110', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
[root@sql02 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
[root@sql02 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
#sql01
[root@sql01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.1.120', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
[root@sql01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
[root@sql01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
# 10.0.1.120:3310 -----> 10.0.1.120:3308
[root@sql02 ~]# mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.1.120', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
[root@sql02 ~]# mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
[root@sql02 ~]# mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
# 10.0.1.110:3310 -----> 10.0.1.110:3308
[root@sql01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.1.110', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
[root@sql01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
[root@sql01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
#检测主从状态
[root@sql01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes
[root@sql01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes
[root@sql01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes
[root@sql01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes
MyCAT安装
#安装Java运行环境
[root@sql01 ~]# yum install -y java
#下载
http://dl.mycat.io/
#解压文件
[root@sql01 ~]# tar xf Mycat-server-1.6.7.3-release-20190809210613-linux.tar.gz
#配置环境变量
[root@sql01 ~]# mv mycat /application/mycat
[root@sql01 ~]# echo 'export PATH=/application/mycat/bin:$PATH' >> /etc/profile
[root@sql01 ~]# source /etc/profile
#启动
[root@sql01 ~]# mycat start
#连接mycat
[root@sql01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h127.0.0.1 -P8066
#应用前环境准备
[root@sql01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';"
[root@sql01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "source /root/world.sql"
[root@sql01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';"
[root@sql01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "source /root/world.sql"
配置文件介绍
#logs目录:
wrapper.log #mycat启动日志
mycat.log #mycat详细工作日志
#conf目录:
schema.xml #主配置文件（读写分离、高可用、分布式策略定制、节点控制）
server.xml #mycat软件本身相关的配置
rule.xml #分片规则配置文件,记录分片规则列表、使用方法等
配置文件结构介绍
[root@sql01 ~]# cd /application/mycat/conf/
[root@sql01 conf]# mv schema.xml schema.xml.bak
[root@sql01 conf]# vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
#mycat 逻辑库定义:
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
</schema>
#数据节点定义:
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="opesn01" database= "world" />
#后端主机定义:
<dataHost name="opesn01" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.1.110:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.1.110:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
#配置中的属性介绍:
#balance属性:
负载均衡类型，目前的取值有3种：
1. balance="0", 不开启读写分离机制，所有读操作都发送到当前可用的writeHost上。
2. balance="1"，全部的readHost与standby writeHost参与select语句的负载均衡，简单的说，
当双主双从模式(M1->S1，M2->S2，并且M1与 M2互为主备)，正常情况下，M2,S1,S2都参与select语句的负载均衡。
3. balance="2"，所有读操作都随机的在writeHost、readhost上分发。
#writeType属性:
负载均衡类型，目前的取值有2种：
1. writeType="0", 所有写操作发送到配置的第一个writeHost，
第一个挂了切到还生存的第二个writeHost，重新启动后已切换后的为主，切换记录在配置文件中:dnindex.properties .
2. writeType=“1”，所有写操作都随机的发送到配置的writeHost，但不推荐使用
#switchType属性:
-1 表示不自动切换
1 默认值，自动切换
2 基于MySQL主从同步的状态决定是否切换 ，心跳语句为 show slave status
#datahost其他配置:
maxCon="1000"：最大的并发连接数
minCon="10" ：mycat在启动之后，会在后端节点上自动开启的连接线程
tempReadHostAvailable="1"
这个一主一从时（1个writehost，1个readhost时），可以开启这个参数，如果2个writehost，2个readhost时
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> 监测心跳
mycat实现1主1从读写分离
[root@sql01 conf]# cat schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
</schema>
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="opesn01" database= "world" />
<dataHost name="opesn01" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.1.110:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.1.110:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
[root@sql01 conf]#
[root@sql01 conf]# mycat restart
Mycat高可用+读写分离
[root@sql01 conf]# vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
</schema>
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="opesn01" database= "world" />
<dataHost name="opesn01" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.1.110:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.1.110:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.1.120:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="10.0.1.120:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
[root@sql01 conf]# mycat restart
#第一个 writehost: 10.0.1.110:3307 真正的写节点,负责写操作
#第二个 writehost: 10.0.1.120:3307 准备写节点,负责读,当10.0.1.110:3307宕掉,会切换为真正的写节点
Mycat高级应用-分布式解决方案
垂直分表
[root@sql01 conf]# cat schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
<table name="user" dataNode="sh1"/>
<table name="order_t" dataNode="sh2"/>
</schema>
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="opesn01" database= "taobao" />
<dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="opesn02" database= "taobao" />
<dataHost name="opesn01" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.1.110:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.1.110:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.1.120:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="10.0.1.120:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
<dataHost name="opesn02" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.1.110:3308" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.1.110:3310" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.1.120:3308" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="10.0.1.120:3310" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
[root@sql01 conf]#
[root@sql01 conf]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "create database taobao charset utf8;"
[root@sql01 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "create database taobao charset utf8;"
[root@sql01 conf]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table user(id int,name varchar(20))";
[root@sql01 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table order_t(id int,name varchar(20))"
[root@sql01 conf]# mycat restart
[root@sql01 conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.1.110 -P 8066
[root@db01 conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h127.0.0.1 -P8066
mysql> use TESTDB
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_taobao |
+------------------+
| order_t |
| user |
+------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
Mycat分布式-水平拆分(分片)
#分片：对一个"bigtable"，比如说t3表
(1)行数非常多，800w
(2)访问非常频繁
#分片的目的：
（1）将大数据量进行分布存储
（2）提供均衡的访问路由
#分片策略：
范围 range 800w 1-400w 400w01-800w
取模 mod 取余数
枚举
哈希 hash
时间 流水
Mycat分布式-范围分片
#t3表
(1)行数非常多，2000w（1-1000w:sh1 1000w01-2000w:sh2）
(2)访问非常频繁，用户访问较离散
[root@sql01 conf]# cat schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
<table name="t3" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="auto-sharding-long" />
</schema>
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="opesn01" database= "taobao" />
<dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="opesn02" database= "taobao" />
<dataHost name="opesn01" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.1.110:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.1.110:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.1.120:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="10.0.1.120:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
<dataHost name="opesn02" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.1.110:3308" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.1.110:3310" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.1.120:3308" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="10.0.1.120:3310" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
[root@sql01 conf]# vim rule.xml
......
<tableRule name="auto-sharding-long">
<rule>
<columns>id</columns>
<algorithm>rang-long</algorithm>
</rule>
</tableRule>
......
<function name="rang-long"
class="io.mycat.route.function.AutoPartitionByLong">
<property name="mapFile">autopartition-long.txt</property>
</function>
[root@sql01 conf]# vim autopartition-long.txt
0-10=0
10-20=1
[root@sql01 conf]#
[root@sql01 conf]# mycat restart
[root@sql01 conf]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t3 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
[root@sql01 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t3 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
[root@sql01 conf]#
[root@sql01 conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P 8066
mysql> use TESTDB
mysql> insert into t3(id,name) values(1,'a');
mysql> insert into t3(id,name) values(2,'b');
mysql> insert into t3(id,name) values(3,'c');
mysql> insert into t3(id,name) values(10,'d');
mysql> insert into t3(id,name) values(11,'aa');
mysql> insert into t3(id,name) values(12,'bb');
mysql> insert into t3(id,name) values(13,'cc');
mysql> insert into t3(id,name) values(14,'dd');
mysql> insert into t3(id,name) values(20,'dd');
mysql> commit;
[root@sql01 conf]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;select * from t3;"
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 1 | a |
| 2 | b |
| 3 | c |
| 10 | d |
+----+------+
[root@sql01 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;select * from t3;"
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 11 | aa |
| 12 | bb |
| 13 | cc |
| 14 | dd |
| 20 | dd |
+----+------+
[root@sql01 conf]#
取模分片（mod-long）：
#取余分片方式：分片键（一个列）与节点数量进行取余，得到余数，将数据写入对应节点
[root@sql01 conf]# vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
<table name="t4" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="mod-long" />
</schema>
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="opesn01" database= "taobao" />
<dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="opesn02" database= "taobao" />
<dataHost name="opesn01" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.1.110:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.1.110:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.1.120:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="10.0.1.120:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
<dataHost name="opesn02" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.1.110:3308" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.1.110:3310" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.1.120:3308" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="10.0.1.120:3310" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
[root@sql01 conf]# vim rule.xml
<function name="mod-long" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMod">
<!-- how many data nodes -->
<property name="count">2</property>
</function>
[root@sql01 conf]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t4 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
[root@sql01 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t4 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
[root@sql01 conf]# mycat restart
[root@sql01 conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.1.110 -P8066
mysql> use TESTDB
mysql> insert into t4(id,name) values(1,'a');
mysql> insert into t4(id,name) values(2,'b');
mysql> insert into t4(id,name) values(3,'c');
mysql> insert into t4(id,name) values(4,'d');
mysql> commit;
mysql>
[root@sql01 conf]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t4;"
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 2 | b |
| 4 | d |
+----+------+
[root@sql01 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t4;"
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 1 | a |
| 3 | c |
+----+------+
[root@sql01 conf]#
枚举分片
t5 表
id name telnum
1 bj 1212
2 sh 22222
3 bj 3333
4 sh 44444
5 bj 5555
[root@sql01 conf]# cat schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
<table name="t5" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="sharding-by-intfile" />
</schema>
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="opesn01" database= "taobao" />
<dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="opesn02" database= "taobao" />
<dataHost name="opesn01" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.1.110:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.1.110:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.1.120:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="10.0.1.120:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
<dataHost name="opesn02" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.1.110:3308" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.1.110:3310" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.1.120:3308" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="10.0.1.120:3310" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
[root@sql01 conf]#
[root@sql01 conf]# vim rule.xml
......
<tableRule name="sharding-by-intfile">
<rule>
<columns>name</columns>
<algorithm>hash-int</algorithm>
</rule>
</tableRule>
......
<function name="hash-int"
class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByFileMap">
<property name="mapFile">partition-hash-int.txt</property>
<property name="type">1</property>
<property name="defaultNode">0</property>
</function>
#columns 标识将要分片的表字段，algorithm 分片函数， 其中分片函数配置中，mapFile标识配置文件名称
[root@sql01 conf]# vim partition-hash-int.txt
10000=0
bj=0
sh=1
DEFAULT_NODE=1
[root@sql01 conf]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t5 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
[root@sql01 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t5 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
[root@sql01 conf]# mycat restart
[root@sql01 conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.1.110 -P8066
mysql> use TESTDB
mysql> insert into t5(id,name) values(1,'bj');
mysql> insert into t5(id,name) values(2,'sh');
mysql> insert into t5(id,name) values(3,'bj');
mysql> insert into t5(id,name) values(4,'sh');
mysql> insert into t5(id,name) values(5,'tj');
mysql> commit;
mysql>
[root@sql01 conf]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t5;"
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 1 | bj |
| 3 | bj |
| 5 | tj |
+----+------+
[root@sql01 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t5;"
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 2 | sh |
| 4 | sh |
+----+------+
[root@sql01 conf]#
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/opesn/p/12994088.html
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