用 Python 实现植物大战僵尸代码！

前言

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作者： marble_xu

GitHub地址：https://github.com/marblexu/PythonPlantsVsZombies

PS：如有需要Python学习资料的小伙伴可以加点击下方链接自行获取

http://note.youdao.com/noteshare?id=3054cce4add8a909e784ad934f956cef

功能介绍

最近一直在给这个植物大战僵尸游戏添加新的植物和僵尸, 因为网上的图片资源有限，能加的植物和僵尸比较少，目前进展如下。

功能实现如下：

支持的植物类型：太阳花，豌豆射手，寒冰射手，坚果，樱桃炸弹。新增加植物：双重豌豆射手，三重豌豆射手，食人花，小喷菇，土豆地雷，倭瓜。
支持的僵尸类型：普通僵尸，棋子僵尸，路障僵尸，铁桶僵尸。新增加读报僵尸。
使用json文件保存关卡信息，设置僵尸出现的时间和位置。
增加每关开始时选择上场植物。
增加除草机。

下面是游戏的截图：

植物卡片选择和种植

如图所示，游戏中可以种植物的方格一共有45个（有5行，每行9列）。

这篇文章要介绍的是：

上方植物卡片栏的实现。
点击植物卡片，鼠标切换为植物图片。
鼠标移动时，判断当前在哪个方格中，并显示半透明的植物作为提示。

代码实现

所有的植物卡片的名称和属性都保存在单独的list中，每个list index都对应一种植物。

比如list index 0 就是太阳花：

card_name_list[0] 是太阳花卡片的名字，用来获取太阳花卡片的图片。
plant_name_list[0] 是太阳花的名字，用来获取太阳花卡片的图片。
plant_sun_list[0] 是种植太阳花需要花费的太阳点数。
plant_frozen_time_list[0] 是太阳花的冷却时间。

植物卡片类

每个植物卡片是一个单独的Card类，用来显示这个植物。

checkMouseClick函数：判断鼠标是否点击到这个卡片；
canClick：判断这个卡片是否能种植（有没有足够的点数，是否还在冷却时间内）；
update 函数：通过设置图片的透明度来表示这个卡片是否能选择。

卡片栏类

MenuBar类显示图3中的植物卡片栏：

self.sun_value：当前采集的太阳点数；
self.card_list: 植物卡片的list；
setupCards函数：遍历初始化init函数中传入这个关卡选好的植物卡片list，依次创建Card类，设置每个卡片的显示位置；
checkCardClick函数：检查鼠标是否点击了卡片栏上的某个植物卡片，如果选择了一个可种植的卡片，返回结果。

代码：

  1 import pygame as pg
  2 from .. import tool
  3 from .. import constants as c
  4 
  5 PANEL_Y_START = 87
  6 PANEL_X_START = 22
  7 PANEL_Y_INTERNAL = 74
  8 PANEL_X_INTERNAL = 53
  9 CARD_LIST_NUM = 8
 10 
 11 card_name_list = [c.CARD_SUNFLOWER, c.CARD_PEASHOOTER, c.CARD_SNOWPEASHOOTER, c.CARD_WALLNUT,
 12                   c.CARD_CHERRYBOMB, c.CARD_THREEPEASHOOTER, c.CARD_REPEATERPEA, c.CARD_CHOMPER,
 13                   c.CARD_PUFFSHROOM, c.CARD_POTATOMINE, c.CARD_SQUASH, c.CARD_SPIKEWEED,
 14                   c.CARD_JALAPENO, c.CARD_SCAREDYSHROOM, c.CARD_SUNSHROOM, c.CARD_ICESHROOM]
 15 plant_name_list = [c.SUNFLOWER, c.PEASHOOTER, c.SNOWPEASHOOTER, c.WALLNUT,
 16                    c.CHERRYBOMB, c.THREEPEASHOOTER, c.REPEATERPEA, c.CHOMPER,
 17                    c.PUFFSHROOM, c.POTATOMINE, c.SQUASH, c.SPIKEWEED,
 18                    c.JALAPENO, c.SCAREDYSHROOM, c.SUNSHROOM, c.ICESHROOM]
 19 plant_sun_list = [50, 100, 175, 50, 150, 325, 200, 150, 0, 25, 50, 100, 125, 25, 25, 75]
 20 plant_frozen_time_list = [7500, 7500, 7500, 30000, 50000, 7500, 7500, 7500, 7500, 30000,
 21                           30000, 7500, 50000, 7500, 7500, 50000]
 22 all_card_list = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]
 23 
 24 def getSunValueImage(sun_value):
 25     font = pg.font.SysFont(None, 22)
 26     width = 32
 27     msg_image = font.render(str(sun_value), True, c.NAVYBLUE, c.LIGHTYELLOW)
 28     msg_rect = msg_image.get_rect()
 29     msg_w = msg_rect.width
 30 
 31     image = pg.Surface([width, 17])
 32     x = width - msg_w
 33 
 34     image.fill(c.LIGHTYELLOW)
 35     image.blit(msg_image, (x, 0), (0, 0, msg_rect.w, msg_rect.h))
 36     image.set_colorkey(c.BLACK)
 37     return image
 38 
 39 class Card():
 40     def __init__(self, x, y, name_index, scale=0.78):
 41         self.loadFrame(card_name_list[name_index], scale)
 42         self.rect = self.orig_image.get_rect()
 43         self.rect.x = x
 44         self.rect.y = y
 45         
 46         self.name_index = name_index
 47         self.sun_cost = plant_sun_list[name_index]
 48         self.frozen_time = plant_frozen_time_list[name_index]
 49         self.frozen_timer = -self.frozen_time
 50         self.refresh_timer = 0
 51         self.select = True
 52 
 53     def loadFrame(self, name, scale):
 54         frame = tool.GFX[name]
 55         rect = frame.get_rect()
 56         width, height = rect.w, rect.h
 57 
 58         self.orig_image = tool.get_image(frame, 0, 0, width, height, c.BLACK, scale)
 59         self.image = self.orig_image
 60 
 61     def checkMouseClick(self, mouse_pos):
 62         x, y = mouse_pos
 63         if(x >= self.rect.x and x <= self.rect.right and
 64            y >= self.rect.y and y <= self.rect.bottom):
 65             return True
 66         return False
 67 
 68     def canClick(self, sun_value, current_time):
 69         if self.sun_cost <= sun_value and (current_time - self.frozen_timer) > self.frozen_time:
 70             return True
 71         return False
 72 
 73     def canSelect(self):
 74         return self.select
 75 
 76     def setSelect(self, can_select):
 77         self.select = can_select
 78         if can_select:
 79             self.image.set_alpha(255)
 80         else:
 81             self.image.set_alpha(128)
 82 
 83     def setFrozenTime(self, current_time):
 84         self.frozen_timer = current_time
 85 
 86     def createShowImage(self, sun_value, current_time):
 87         '''create a card image to show cool down status
 88            or disable status when have not enough sun value'''
 89         time = current_time - self.frozen_timer
 90         if time < self.frozen_time: #cool down status
 91             image = pg.Surface([self.rect.w, self.rect.h])
 92             frozen_image = self.orig_image.copy()
 93             frozen_image.set_alpha(128)
 94             frozen_height = (self.frozen_time - time)/self.frozen_time * self.rect.h
 95             
 96             image.blit(frozen_image, (0,0), (0, 0, self.rect.w, frozen_height))
 97             image.blit(self.orig_image, (0,frozen_height),
 98                        (0, frozen_height, self.rect.w, self.rect.h - frozen_height))
 99         elif self.sun_cost > sun_value: #disable status
100             image = self.orig_image.copy()
101             image.set_alpha(192)
102         else:
103             image = self.orig_image
104         return image
105 
106     def update(self, sun_value, current_time):
107         if (current_time - self.refresh_timer) >= 250:
108             self.image = self.createShowImage(sun_value, current_time)
109             self.refresh_timer = current_time
110 
111     def draw(self, surface):
112         surface.blit(self.image, self.rect)
113 
114 class MenuBar():
115     def __init__(self, card_list, sun_value):
116         self.loadFrame(c.MENUBAR_BACKGROUND)
117         self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
118         self.rect.x = 10
119         self.rect.y = 0
120         
121         self.sun_value = sun_value
122         self.card_offset_x = 32
123         self.setupCards(card_list)
124 
125     def loadFrame(self, name):
126         frame = tool.GFX[name]
127         rect = frame.get_rect()
128         frame_rect = (rect.x, rect.y, rect.w, rect.h)
129 
130         self.image = tool.get_image(tool.GFX[name], *frame_rect, c.WHITE, 1)
131 
132     def update(self, current_time):
133         self.current_time = current_time
134         for card in self.card_list:
135             card.update(self.sun_value, self.current_time)
136 
137     def createImage(self, x, y, num):
138         if num == 1:
139             return
140         img = self.image
141         rect = self.image.get_rect()
142         width = rect.w
143         height = rect.h
144         self.image = pg.Surface((width * num, height)).convert()
145         self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
146         self.rect.x = x
147         self.rect.y = y
148         for i in range(num):
149             x = i * width
150             self.image.blit(img, (x,0))
151         self.image.set_colorkey(c.BLACK)
152     
153     def setupCards(self, card_list):
154         self.card_list = []
155         x = self.card_offset_x
156         y = 8
157         for index in card_list:
158             x += 55
159             self.card_list.append(Card(x, y, index))
160 
161     def checkCardClick(self, mouse_pos):
162         result = None
163         for card in self.card_list:
164             if card.checkMouseClick(mouse_pos):
165                 if card.canClick(self.sun_value, self.current_time):
166                     result = (plant_name_list[card.name_index], card.sun_cost)
167                 break
168         return result
169     
170     def checkMenuBarClick(self, mouse_pos):
171         x, y = mouse_pos
172         if(x >= self.rect.x and x <= self.rect.right and
173            y >= self.rect.y and y <= self.rect.bottom):
174             return True
175         return False
176 
177     def decreaseSunValue(self, value):
178         self.sun_value -= value
179 
180     def increaseSunValue(self, value):
181         self.sun_value += value
182 
183     def setCardFrozenTime(self, plant_name):
184         for card in self.card_list:
185             if plant_name_list[card.name_index] == plant_name:
186                 card.setFrozenTime(self.current_time)
187                 break
188 
189     def drawSunValue(self):
190         self.value_image = getSunValueImage(self.sun_value)
191         self.value_rect = self.value_image.get_rect()
192         self.value_rect.x = 21
193         self.value_rect.y = self.rect.bottom - 21
194         
195         self.image.blit(self.value_image, self.value_rect)
196 
197     def draw(self, surface):
198         self.drawSunValue()
199         surface.blit(self.image, self.rect)
200         for card in self.card_list:
201             card.draw(surface)
202 
203 class Panel():
204     def __init__(self, card_list, sun_value):
205         self.loadImages(sun_value)
206         self.selected_cards = []
207         self.selected_num = 0
208         self.setupCards(card_list)
209 
210     def loadFrame(self, name):
211         frame = tool.GFX[name]
212         rect = frame.get_rect()
213         frame_rect = (rect.x, rect.y, rect.w, rect.h)
214 
215         return tool.get_image(tool.GFX[name], *frame_rect, c.WHITE, 1)
216 
217     def loadImages(self, sun_value):
218         self.menu_image = self.loadFrame(c.MENUBAR_BACKGROUND)
219         self.menu_rect = self.menu_image.get_rect()
220         self.menu_rect.x = 0
221         self.menu_rect.y = 0
222 
223         self.panel_image = self.loadFrame(c.PANEL_BACKGROUND)
224         self.panel_rect = self.panel_image.get_rect()
225         self.panel_rect.x = 0
226         self.panel_rect.y = PANEL_Y_START
227 
228         
229         self.value_image = getSunValueImage(sun_value)
230         self.value_rect = self.value_image.get_rect()
231         self.value_rect.x = 21
232         self.value_rect.y = self.menu_rect.bottom - 21
233 
234         self.button_image =  self.loadFrame(c.START_BUTTON)
235         self.button_rect = self.button_image.get_rect()
236         self.button_rect.x = 155
237         self.button_rect.y = 547
238 
239     def setupCards(self, card_list):
240         self.card_list = []
241         x = PANEL_X_START - PANEL_X_INTERNAL
242         y = PANEL_Y_START + 43 - PANEL_Y_INTERNAL
243         for i, index in enumerate(card_list):
244             if i % 8 == 0:
245                 x = PANEL_X_START - PANEL_X_INTERNAL
246                 y += PANEL_Y_INTERNAL
247             x += PANEL_X_INTERNAL
248             self.card_list.append(Card(x, y, index, 0.75))
249 
250     def checkCardClick(self, mouse_pos):
251         delete_card = None
252         for card in self.selected_cards:
253             if delete_card: # when delete a card, move right cards to left
254                 card.rect.x -= 55
255             elif card.checkMouseClick(mouse_pos):
256                 self.deleteCard(card.name_index)
257                 delete_card = card
258 
259         if delete_card:
260             self.selected_cards.remove(delete_card)
261             self.selected_num -= 1
262 
263         if self.selected_num == CARD_LIST_NUM:
264             return
265 
266         for card in self.card_list:
267             if card.checkMouseClick(mouse_pos):
268                 if card.canSelect():
269                     self.addCard(card)
270                 break
271 
272     def addCard(self, card):
273         card.setSelect(False)
274         y = 8
275         x = 78 + self.selected_num * 55
276         self.selected_cards.append(Card(x, y, card.name_index))
277         self.selected_num += 1
278 
279     def deleteCard(self, index):
280         self.card_list[index].setSelect(True)
281 
282     def checkStartButtonClick(self, mouse_pos):
283         if self.selected_num < CARD_LIST_NUM:
284             return False
285 
286         x, y = mouse_pos
287         if (x >= self.button_rect.x and x <= self.button_rect.right and
288             y >= self.button_rect.y and y <= self.button_rect.bottom):
289            return True
290         return False
291 
292     def getSelectedCards(self):
293         card_index_list = []
294         for card in self.selected_cards:
295             card_index_list.append(card.name_index)
296         return card_index_list
297 
298     def draw(self, surface):
299         self.menu_image.blit(self.value_image, self.value_rect)
300         surface.blit(self.menu_image, self.menu_rect)
301         surface.blit(self.panel_image, self.panel_rect)
302         for card in self.card_list:
303             card.draw(surface)
304         for card in self.selected_cards:
305             card.draw(surface)
306 
307         if self.selected_num == CARD_LIST_NUM:
308             surface.blit(self.button_image, self.button_rect)

鼠标图片切换

setupMouseImage 函数实现鼠标图片切换为选中的植物：

self.mouse_image ：根据 plant_name 获取选中的植物图片；
self.mouse_rect：选中植物图片的位置，在drawMouseShow函数中，需要将植物图片的位置设置成当前鼠标的位置；
pg.mouse.set_visible(False)：隐藏默认的鼠标显示，这样效果就是鼠标图片切换为选中的植物了。

 1    def setupMouseImage(self, plant_name, plant_cost):
 2         frame_list = tool.GFX[plant_name]
 3         if plant_name in tool.PLANT_RECT:
 4             data = tool.PLANT_RECT[plant_name]
 5             x, y, width, height = data['x'], data['y'], data['width'], data['height']
 6         else:
 7             x, y = 0, 0
 8             rect = frame_list[0].get_rect()
 9             width, height = rect.w, rect.h
10 
11 
12         if plant_name == c.POTATOMINE or plant_name == c.SQUASH:
13             color = c.WHITE
14         else:
15             color = c.BLACK
16         self.mouse_image = tool.get_image(frame_list[0], x, y, width, height, color, 1)
17         self.mouse_rect = self.mouse_image.get_rect()
18         pg.mouse.set_visible(False)
19         self.drag_plant = True
20         self.plant_name = plant_name
21         self.plant_cost = plant_cost
22 
23 
24     def drawMouseShow(self, surface):
25         if self.hint_plant:
26             surface.blit(self.hint_image, self.hint_rect)
27         x, y = pg.mouse.get_pos()
28         self.mouse_rect.centerx = x
29         self.mouse_rect.centery = y
30         surface.blit(self.mouse_image, self.mouse_rect)

提示种在哪个方格中

先看下map类，代码在source\component\map.py 中：

self.map：二维list，用来保存每个方格的状态。每个entry初始化为 0, 表示可以种植物，值为1时表示这个方格已经种了植物。
getMapIndex 函数：传入参数是游戏中的坐标位置（比如当前鼠标的位置），返回该位置在地图的哪个方格中。
getMapGridPos 函数：传入一个方格的index，返回在该方格中种植物的坐标位置。
showPlant 函数：根据传入的坐标位置，判断该位置所在的方格是否能种植物，如果能种，就返回返回在该方格中种植物的坐标位置。

 1 MAP_EMPTY = 0
 2 MAP_EXIST = 1
 3 
 4 
 5 class Map():
 6     def __init__(self, width, height):
 7         self.width = width
 8         self.height = height
 9         self.map = [[0 for x in range(self.width)] for y in range(self.height)]
10 
11 
12     def isValid(self, map_x, map_y):
13         if (map_x < 0 or map_x >= self.width or
14             map_y < 0 or map_y >= self.height):
15             return False
16         return True
17 
18     def isMovable(self, map_x, map_y):
19         return (self.map[map_y][map_x] == c.MAP_EMPTY)
20 
21     def getMapIndex(self, x, y):
22         x -= c.MAP_OFFSET_X
23         y -= c.MAP_OFFSET_Y
24         return (x // c.GRID_X_SIZE, y // c.GRID_Y_SIZE)
25 
26     def getMapGridPos(self, map_x, map_y):
27         return (map_x * c.GRID_X_SIZE + c.GRID_X_SIZE//2 + c.MAP_OFFSET_X,
28                 map_y * c.GRID_Y_SIZE + c.GRID_Y_SIZE//5 * 3 + c.MAP_OFFSET_Y)
29 
30     def setMapGridType(self, map_x, map_y, type):
31         self.map[map_y][map_x] = type
32 
33 
34     def getRandomMapIndex(self):
35         map_x = random.randint(0, self.width-1)
36         map_y = random.randint(0, self.height-1)
37         return (map_x, map_y)
38 
39 
40     def showPlant(self, x, y):
41         pos = None
42         map_x, map_y = self.getMapIndex(x, y)
43         if self.isValid(map_x, map_y) and self.isMovable(map_x, map_y):
44             pos = self.getMapGridPos(map_x, map_y)
45         return pos

代码在source\state\level.py中：

canSeedPlant 函数：判断当前鼠标位置能否种植物；
setupHintImage 函数：如果当前鼠标位置能种植物，且有选择了一个植物卡片，则设置self.hint_image 显示当前会在哪一个方格中种植物，self.hint_rect 是植物种的坐标位置。

 1     def canSeedPlant(self):
 2         x, y = pg.mouse.get_pos()
 3         return self.map.showPlant(x, y)
 4 
 5     def setupHintImage(self):
 6         pos = self.canSeedPlant()
 7         if pos and self.mouse_image:
 8             if (self.hint_image and pos[0] == self.hint_rect.x and
 9                 pos[1] == self.hint_rect.y):
10                 return
11             width, height = self.mouse_rect.w, self.mouse_rect.h
12             image = pg.Surface([width, height])
13             image.blit(self.mouse_image, (0, 0), (0, 0, width, height))
14             image.set_colorkey(c.BLACK)
15             image.set_alpha(128)
16             self.hint_image = image
17             self.hint_rect = image.get_rect()
18             self.hint_rect.centerx = pos[0]
19             self.hint_rect.bottom = pos[1]
20             self.hint_plant = True
21         else:
22             self.hint_plant = False

原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/Qqun821460695/p/12001851.html