ASP.NET Core快速入门(第5章:认证与授权)--学习笔记

时间:2019-10-02
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课程链接:http://video.jessetalk.cn/course/explore

良心课程,大家一起来学习哈!

任务31:课时介绍

  • 1.Cookie-based认证与授权
  • 2.Cookie-based认证实现
  • 3.Jwt认证与授权介绍
  • 4.Jwt认证与授权实现
  • 5.Jwt认证与授权
  • 6.Role based授权
  • 7.Claims-based授权

任务32:Cookie-based认证介绍

任务34:Cookie-based认证实现

dotnet new mvc --name MvcCookieAuthSample

在Controllers文件夹新增AdminController.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using MvcCookieAuthSample.Models;

namespace MvcCookieAuthSample.Controllers
{
    public class AdminController : Controller
    {
        public IActionResult Index()
        {
            return View();
        }
    }
}

在Views文件夹新增Admin文件夹,在Admin文件夹新增Index.cshtml

@{
    ViewData["Title"] = "Admin";
}
<h2>@ViewData["Title"]</h2>

<p>Admin Page</p>

启动项目,浏览器访问https://localhost:5001/Admin

实际情况不应该直接让用户访问到Admin页面,所以应当跳转到登陆界面

AdminController.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using MvcCookieAuthSample.Models;
// 添加引用
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;

namespace MvcCookieAuthSample.Controllers
{
    public class AdminController : Controller
    {
        [Authorize]
        public IActionResult Index()
        {
            return View();
        }
    }
}

startup.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.HttpsPolicy;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
// 添加引用
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.Cookies;

namespace MvcCookieAuthSample
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
        {
            Configuration = configuration;
        }

        public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.Configure<CookiePolicyOptions>(options =>
            {
                // This lambda determines whether user consent for non-essential cookies is needed for a given request.
                options.CheckConsentNeeded = context => true;
                options.MinimumSameSitePolicy = SameSiteMode.None;
            });

            // Addmvc之前AddAuthentication,AddCookie
            services.AddAuthentication(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
            .AddCookie();
            services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_1);
        }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
        {
            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            }
            else
            {
                app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
                app.UseHsts();
            }

            app.UseHttpsRedirection();
            app.UseStaticFiles();
            app.UseCookiePolicy();

            // UseMvc之前UseAuthentication,添加Middleware
            app.UseAuthentication();
            app.UseMvc(routes =>
            {
                routes.MapRoute(
                    name: "default",
                    template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
            });
        }
    }
}

再次访问https://localhost:5001/Admin,跳转到登陆界面https://localhost:5001/Account/Login?ReturnUrl=%2FAdmin

在Controllers文件夹新增AccountController.cs


using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using MvcCookieAuthSample.Models;
// 添加引用
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.Cookies;
using System.Security.Claims;

namespace MvcCookieAuthSample.Controllers
{
    [Authorize]
    public class AccountController : Controller
    {
        public IActionResult MakeLogin()
        {
            var claims = new List<Claim>()
            {
                new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name,"Mingson"),
                new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role,"admin")
            };

            var claimIdentity = new ClaimsIdentity(claims,CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);

            HttpContext.SignInAsync(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme,new ClaimsPrincipal(claimIdentity));
            
            return Ok();
        }

        public IActionResult Logout()
        {
            HttpContext.SignOutAsync(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
            
            return Ok();
        }
    }
}

启动项目

登出:localhost:5000/account/logout
访问admin:localhost:5000/admin,跳转到account/login
登陆:localhost:5000/account/makelogin
再次访问admin:localhost:5000/admin,登陆成功访问admin

任务35:JWT 认证授权介绍

可在官网解密:https://jwt.io

任务36:应用Jwtbearer Authentication

dotnet new webapi --name JwtAuthSample
dotnet watch run

打开postman调用
http://localhost:5000/api/values

ValuesController.cs

// 添加引用
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;

    // 添加特性
    [Authorize]
    [Route("api/[controller]")]
    [ApiController]
    public class ValuesController : ControllerBase

新增一个Models文件夹,在文件夹中新增JwtSettings.cs

namespace JwtAuthSample
{
    public class JwtSettings
    {
        // token颁发者
        public string Issure{get;set;}
        // token使用的客户端
        public string Audience{get;set;}
        // 加密Key
        public string SecretKey="hellokey";
    }
}

appsettings.json

{
  "Logging": {
    "LogLevel": {
      "Default": "Warning"
    }
  },
  "AllowedHosts": "*",
  "JwtSettings":{
    "Audience":"http://localhost:5000",
    "Issuer":"http://localhost:5000",
    "SecretKey":"Hello-key"
  }
}

Startup.cs

// 添加引用
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
using System.Text;

            // 添加在services.AddMvc()之前
            services.Configure<JwtSettings>(Configuration);
            var JwtSettings = new JwtSettings();
            Configuration.Bind("JwtSettings",JwtSettings);
            // 认证MiddleWare配置
            services.AddAuthentication(options=>{
                options.DefaultAuthenticateScheme = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
                options.DefaultChallengeScheme = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
            })
            // Jwt配置
            .AddJwtBearer(o=>{
                o.TokenValidationParameters = new Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.TokenValidationParameters{
                    ValidIssuer = JwtSettings.Issure,
                    ValidAudience = JwtSettings.Audience,
                    IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(JwtSettings.SecretKey))// 对称加密
                };
            });
            services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_1);

            app.UseHttpsRedirection();
            // 添加在app.UseMvc()之前
            app.UseAuthentication();
dotnet watch run

postman调用
http://localhost:5000/api/values
返回401,未授权

任务37:生成 JWT Token

新建文件夹ViewModels,在文件夹中新建LoginViewModel.cs

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace JwtAuthSample
{
    public class LoginViewModel
    {
        [Required]
        public string User{get;set;}
        [Required]
        public string Password{get;set;}
    }
}

AuthorizeController.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
// 添加引用
using System.Security.Claims;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
using System.Text;
using System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt;

namespace JwtAuthSample.Controllers
{
    [Route("api/[controller]")]
    [ApiController]
    public class AuthorizeController : ControllerBase
    {
        private JwtSettings _jwtSettings;

        public AuthorizeController(IOptions<JwtSettings> _jwtSettingsAccesser)
        {
            _jwtSettings = _jwtSettingsAccesser.Value;
        }

        public IActionResult Token(LoginViewModel viewModel)
        {
            if (ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                if (!(viewModel.User == "mingson" && viewModel.Password == "123456"))
                {
                    return BadRequest();
                }

                var claims = new Claim[]
                {
                    new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, "mingson"),
                    new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, "admin")
                };

                var key = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(_jwtSettings.SecretKey));// 对称加密算法
                var creds = new SigningCredentials(key, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256);

                // VSCode安装扩展NuGet Package Manager
                // ctrl + shift + p
                // NuGet Package Manager:Add Pcakage
                // Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer
                // 需要FQ才能添加
                // 2.0.0
                // 安装到csproj
                // 安装成功后csproj中出现<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer" Version="2.0.0" />
                // dotnet restore

                var token = new JwtSecurityToken(
                    _jwtSettings.Issure,
                    _jwtSettings.Audience,
                    claims,
                    DateTime.Now,
                    DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(30),
                    creds);

                return Ok(new {token = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler().WriteToken(token)});
            }

            return BadRequest();
        }
    }
}

Startup.cs

            // 添加在services.AddMvc()之前
            //services.Configure<JwtSettings>(Configuration);// 获取不到JwtSettings配置
            services.Configure<JwtSettings>(Configuration.GetSection("JwtSettings"));// 获取appsettings.json中的配置

appsettings.json

{
  "Logging": {
    "LogLevel": {
      "Default": "Warning"
    }
  },
  "AllowedHosts": "*",
  "JwtSettings":{
    "Audience":"http://localhost:5000",
    "Issuer":"http://localhost:5000",
    "SecretKey长度必须大于128bit=16字符":"",
    "SecretKey":"Hello-key.jessetalk"
  }
}
dotnet watch run

postman调用
http://localhost:5000/Authorize/Token
返回Token

加上token调用
http://localhost:5000/api/values

token可在官网解密:https://jwt.io

输入正确的SecretKey:Hello-key.jessetalk

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欢迎转载、使用、重新发布,但务必保留文章署名 郑子铭 (包含链接: http://www.cnblogs.com/MingsonZheng/ ),不得用于商业目的,基于本文修改后的作品务必以相同的许可发布。

如有任何疑问,请与我联系 (MingsonZheng@outlook.com) 。

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/MingsonZheng/p/11614686.html