java并发编程CountDownLatch使用实例讲解及与CyclicBarrier区别分析

时间:2018-11-19
本文章向大家介绍java并发编程CountDownLatch使用实例讲解及与CyclicBarrier区别分析,需要的朋友可以参考一下

CountDownLatch 允许一个或多个线程等待其他线程完成操作。

CountDownLatch的构造函数接收一个int类型的参数作为计数器,如果你想等待N个点完成,这里就传入N。

当我们调用一次CountDownLatch的countDown方法时,N就会减1,CountDownLatch的await会阻塞当前线程,直到N变成零。

由于countDown方法可以用在任何地方,所以这里说的N个点,可以是N个线程,也可以是1个线程里的N个执行步骤。

一、应用举例

// 老板进入会议室等待5个人全部到达会议室才会开会。所以这里有两个线程老板等待开会线程、员工到达会议室:
class CountDownLatchTest {
    private static CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(5);

    // Boss线程,等待员工到达开会
    static class BossThread extends Thread {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            System.out.println("Boss在会议室等待,总共有" + countDownLatch.getCount() + "个人开会...");
            try {
                countDownLatch.await(); // Boss等待
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            System.out.println("所有人都已经到齐了,开会吧...");
        }
    }

    // 员工到达会议室
    static class EmpleoyeeThread extends Thread {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ",到达会议室...."); // 员工到达会议室 count - 1
            countDownLatch.countDown();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Boss线程启动
        new BossThread().start();

        // 员工到达会议室
        for (int i = 0; i < countDownLatch.getCount(); i++) {
            new EmpleoyeeThread().start();
        }
    }
}

二、类结构

public class CountDownLatch {
    private final Sync sync; //
    private static final class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 4982264981922014374L;
        
        Sync(int count) {
            setState(count);
        }
        
        int getCount() {
            return getState();
        }
        
        protected int tryAcquireShared(int acquires) {
            return (getState() == 0) ? 1 : -1;
        }
        
        protected boolean tryReleaseShared(int releases) {
            for (;;) {
                int c = getState();
                if (c == 0)
                    return false;
                int nextc = c-1;
                if (compareAndSetState(c, nextc))
                    return nextc == 0;
            }
        }
    }
}

三、原理解析

CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(5);

    public CountDownLatch(int count) {
        if (count < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("count < 0");
        this.sync = new Sync(count);
    }

    /**
     * CountDownLatch.Sync.Sync(int)
     * AQS的state用作count计数
     */
    Sync(int count) {
        setState(count);
    }

countDownLatch.await();

    public void await() throws InterruptedException {
        sync.acquireSharedInterruptibly(1);
    }
    
    /**
     * AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.acquireSharedInterruptibly(int)
     * 尝试获取锁,获取不到锁,当前进入同步队列并挂起
     */
    public final void acquireSharedInterruptibly(int arg)
            throws InterruptedException {
        if (Thread.interrupted())
            throw new InterruptedException();
        if (tryAcquireShared(arg) < 0) // 尝试获取锁
            doAcquireSharedInterruptibly(arg); // 获取不到锁,当前进入同步队列并挂起
    }
    
    /**
     * CountDownLatch.Sync.tryAcquireShared(int)
     * state/count没有减到0之前不予许拿锁
     */
    protected int tryAcquireShared(int acquires) {
        return (getState() == 0) ? 1 : -1;
    }

countDownLatch.countDown();

    public void countDown() {
        sync.releaseShared(1);
    }
    
    /**
     * AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.releaseShared(int)
     */
    public final boolean releaseShared(int arg) {
        if (tryReleaseShared(arg)) { // 尝试释放锁
            doReleaseShared(); // 释放掉锁之后,唤醒同步队列的线程(调用await()的线程)
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
    
    /**
     * CountDownLatch.Sync.tryReleaseShared(int)
     * countDown一次count/state减一
     * 直到count/state减到0,return true,允许释放同步队列里的线程
     */
    protected boolean tryReleaseShared(int releases) {
        for (;;) {
            int c = getState();
            if (c == 0)
                return false;
            int nextc = c-1;
            if (compareAndSetState(c, nextc))
                return nextc == 0;
        }
    }

四、CyclicBarrier和CountDownLatch的区别

  • CountDownLatch的计数器只能使用一次。而CyclicBarrier的计数器可以使用reset() 方法重置。所以CyclicBarrier能处理更为复杂的业务场景,比如如果计算发生错误,可以重置计数器,并让线程们重新执行一次。
  • CyclicBarrier还提供其他有用的方法,比如getNumberWaiting方法可以获得CyclicBarrier阻塞的线程数量。isBroken方法用来知道阻塞的线程是否被中断。比如以下代码执行完之后会返回true。