这个demo是基于springboot项目的。

名词介绍：

Shiro
Shiro 主要分为安全认证和接口授权两个部分，其中的核心组件为 Subject、 SecurityManager、 Realms，公共部分 Shiro 都已经为我们封装好了，我们只需要按照一定的规则去编写响应的代码即可…

Subject 即表示主体，将用户的概念理解为当前操作的主体，因为它即可以是一个通过浏览器请求的用户，也可能是一个运行的程序，外部应用与 Subject 进行交互，记录当前操作用户。Subject 代表了当前用户的安全操作，SecurityManager 则管理所有用户的安全操作。

SecurityManager 即安全管理器，对所有的 Subject 进行安全管理，并通过它来提供安全管理的各种服务（认证、授权等）

Realm 充当了应用与数据安全间的桥梁或连接器。当对用户执行认证（登录）和授权（访问控制）验证时，Shiro 会从应用配置的 Realm 中查找用户及其权限信息。

1.导入shiro依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
            <artifactId>shiro-spring</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.0</version>
        </dependency>
　　　　
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.crazycake</groupId>
            <artifactId>shiro-redis</artifactId>
            <version>2.8.24</version>
        </dependency>

shiro-redis为什么要导入这个包呢？将用户信息交给redis管理。

2.shiro配置类

package com.test.cbd.shiro;


import org.apache.shiro.authc.credential.HashedCredentialsMatcher;
import org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager;
import org.apache.shiro.session.mgt.SessionManager;
import org.apache.shiro.spring.security.interceptor.AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor;
import org.apache.shiro.spring.web.ShiroFilterFactoryBean;
import org.apache.shiro.web.mgt.DefaultWebSecurityManager;
import org.crazycake.shiro.RedisCacheManager;
import org.crazycake.shiro.RedisManager;
import org.crazycake.shiro.RedisSessionDAO;
import org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {

    @Value("${spring.redis.shiro.host}")
    private String host;
    @Value("${spring.redis.shiro.port}")
    private int port;
    @Value("${spring.redis.shiro.timeout}")
    private int timeout;
    @Value("${spring.redis.shiro.password}")
    private String password;

    @Bean
    public ShiroFilterFactoryBean shirFilter(SecurityManager securityManager) {
        System.out.println("ShiroConfiguration.shirFilter()");
        ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
        shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSecurityManager(securityManager);

        Map<String, String> filterChainDefinitionMap = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
        //注意过滤器配置顺序 不能颠倒
        //配置退出 过滤器,其中的具体的退出代码Shiro已经替我们实现了，登出后跳转配置的loginUrl
        filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/logout", "logout");
        // 配置不会被拦截的链接 顺序判断，在 ShiroConfiguration 中的 shiroFilter 处配置了 /ajaxLogin=anon，意味着可以不需要认证也可以访问
        filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/static/**", "anon");
        filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/*.html", "anon");
        filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/ajaxLogin", "anon");
        filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/login", "anon");
        filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/**", "authc");
        //配置shiro默认登录界面地址，前后端分离中登录界面跳转应由前端路由控制，后台仅返回json数据
        shiroFilterFactoryBean.setLoginUrl("/unauth");
        // 登录成功后要跳转的链接
//        shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSuccessUrl("/index");
        //未授权界面;
//        shiroFilterFactoryBean.setUnauthorizedUrl("/403");
        shiroFilterFactoryBean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(filterChainDefinitionMap);
        return shiroFilterFactoryBean;
    }

    /**
     * 凭证匹配器
     * （由于我们的密码校验交给Shiro的SimpleAuthenticationInfo进行处理了
     * ）
     *
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public HashedCredentialsMatcher hashedCredentialsMatcher() {
        HashedCredentialsMatcher hashedCredentialsMatcher = new HashedCredentialsMatcher();
        hashedCredentialsMatcher.setHashAlgorithmName("md5");//散列算法:这里使用MD5算法;
        hashedCredentialsMatcher.setHashIterations(1024);//散列的次数，比如散列两次，相当于 md5(md5(""));
        return hashedCredentialsMatcher;
    }

    @Bean
    public MyShiroRealm myShiroRealm() {
        MyShiroRealm myShiroRealm = new MyShiroRealm();
        myShiroRealm.setCredentialsMatcher(hashedCredentialsMatcher());
        return myShiroRealm;
    }


    @Bean
    public SecurityManager securityManager() {
        DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager();
        securityManager.setRealm(myShiroRealm());
        // 自定义session管理 使用redis
        securityManager.setSessionManager(sessionManager());
        // 自定义缓存实现 使用redis
        securityManager.setCacheManager(cacheManager());
        return securityManager;
    }

    //自定义sessionManager
    @Bean
    public SessionManager sessionManager() {
        MySessionManager mySessionManager = new MySessionManager();
        mySessionManager.setSessionDAO(redisSessionDAO());
        return mySessionManager;
    }

    /**
     * 配置shiro redisManager
     * <p>
     * 使用的是shiro-redis开源插件
     *
     * @return
     */
    public RedisManager redisManager() {
        RedisManager redisManager = new RedisManager();
        redisManager.setHost(host);
        redisManager.setPort(port);
        redisManager.setExpire(1800);// 配置缓存过期时间
        redisManager.setTimeout(timeout);
        redisManager.setPassword(password);
        return redisManager;
    }

    /**
     * cacheManager 缓存 redis实现
     * <p>
     * 使用的是shiro-redis开源插件
     *
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public RedisCacheManager cacheManager() {
        RedisCacheManager redisCacheManager = new RedisCacheManager();
        redisCacheManager.setRedisManager(redisManager());
        return redisCacheManager;
    }

    /**
     * RedisSessionDAO shiro sessionDao层的实现 通过redis
     * <p>
     * 使用的是shiro-redis开源插件
     */
    @Bean
    public RedisSessionDAO redisSessionDAO() {
        RedisSessionDAO redisSessionDAO = new RedisSessionDAO();
        redisSessionDAO.setRedisManager(redisManager());
        return redisSessionDAO;
    }

    /**
     * 开启shiro aop注解支持.
     * 使用代理方式;所以需要开启代码支持;
     *
     * @param securityManager
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor authorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor(SecurityManager securityManager) {
        AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor authorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor = new AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor();
        authorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
        return authorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor;
    }

    /**
     * 注册全局异常处理
     * @return
     */
    @Bean(name = "exceptionHandler")
    public HandlerExceptionResolver handlerExceptionResolver() {
        return new MyExceptionHandler();
    }

    //自动创建代理，没有这个鉴权可能会出错
    @Bean
    public DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator getDefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator() {
        DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator autoProxyCreator = new DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator();
        autoProxyCreator.setProxyTargetClass(true);
        return autoProxyCreator;
    }
}

3.安全认证和权限验证的核心，自定义Realm

package com.test.cbd.shiro;


import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
import com.test.cbd.service.UserService;
import com.test.cbd.vo.SysPermission;
import com.test.cbd.vo.SysRole;
import com.test.cbd.vo.UserInfo;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.SimpleAuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.session.Session;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.apache.shiro.util.ByteSource;
import springfox.documentation.spring.web.json.Json;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;


public class MyShiroRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
    @Resource
    private UserService userInfoService;

    @Override
    protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals){
//        // 权限信息对象info,用来存放查出的用户的所有的角色（role）及权限（permission）
        SimpleAuthorizationInfo authorizationInfo = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
        Session session = SecurityUtils.getSubject().getSession();
        UserInfo user = (UserInfo) session.getAttribute("USER_SESSION");
        // 用户的角色集合
        Set<String> roles = new HashSet<>();
        roles.add(user.getRoleList().get(0).getRole());
        authorizationInfo.setRoles(roles);
        return authorizationInfo;
    }

    /*主要是用来进行身份认证的，也就是说验证用户输入的账号和密码是否正确。*/
    @Override
    protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token)
            throws AuthenticationException {
//        System.out.println("MyShiroRealm.doGetAuthenticationInfo()");
        //获取用户的输入的账号.
        String username = (String) token.getPrincipal();
//        System.out.println(token.getCredentials());
        //通过username从数据库中查找 User对象，如果找到，没找到.
        //实际项目中，这里可以根据实际情况做缓存，如果不做，Shiro自己也是有时间间隔机制，2分钟内不会重复执行该方法
        UserInfo userInfo = userInfoService.findByUsername(username);
       // Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
        //Session session = subject.getSession();
        //session.setAttribute("role",userInfo.getRoleList());
//        System.out.println("----->>userInfo="+userInfo);
        if (userInfo == null) {
            return null;
        }
        if (userInfo.getState() == 1) { //账户冻结
            throw new LockedAccountException();
        }
        String credentials = userInfo.getPassword();
        System.out.println("credentials="+credentials);
        ByteSource credentialsSalt = ByteSource.Util.bytes(username);
        SimpleAuthenticationInfo authenticationInfo = new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(
                userInfo.getUserName(), //用户名
                credentials, //密码
                credentialsSalt,
                getName()  //realm name
        );
        Session session = SecurityUtils.getSubject().getSession();
        session.setAttribute("USER_SESSION", userInfo);
        return authenticationInfo;
    }

}

4.全局异常处理器

package com.test.cbd.shiro;


import com.alibaba.fastjson.support.spring.FastJsonJsonView;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.UnauthenticatedException;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.UnauthorizedException;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2017/12/11.
 * 全局异常处理
 */
public class MyExceptionHandler implements HandlerExceptionResolver {

    public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, 
　　　　　　　　　　　　HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception ex) {
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
        FastJsonJsonView view = new FastJsonJsonView();
        Map<String, Object> attributes = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        if (ex instanceof UnauthenticatedException) {
            attributes.put("code", "1000001");
            attributes.put("msg", "token错误");
        } else if (ex instanceof UnauthorizedException) {
            attributes.put("code", "1000002");
            attributes.put("msg", "用户无权限");
        } else {
            attributes.put("code", "1000003");
            attributes.put("msg", ex.getMessage());
        }

        view.setAttributesMap(attributes);
        mv.setView(view);
        return mv;
    }
}

5.因为现在的项目大多都是前后端分离的，所以我们需要实现自己的session管理

package com.test.cbd.shiro;

import org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ShiroHttpServletRequest;
import org.apache.shiro.web.session.mgt.DefaultWebSessionManager;
import org.apache.shiro.web.util.WebUtils;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import java.io.Serializable;


public class MySessionManager extends DefaultWebSessionManager {

    private static final String TOKEN = "token";

    private static final String REFERENCED_SESSION_ID_SOURCE = "Stateless request";

    public MySessionManager() {
        super();
    }

    @Override
    protected Serializable getSessionId(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) {
        String id = WebUtils.toHttp(request).getHeader(TOKEN);
        //如果请求头中有 token 则其值为sessionId
        if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(id)) {
            request.setAttribute(ShiroHttpServletRequest.REFERENCED_SESSION_ID_SOURCE, REFERENCED_SESSION_ID_SOURCE);
            request.setAttribute(ShiroHttpServletRequest.REFERENCED_SESSION_ID, id);
            request.setAttribute(ShiroHttpServletRequest.REFERENCED_SESSION_ID_IS_VALID, Boolean.TRUE);
            return id;
        } else {
            //否则按默认规则从cookie取sessionId
            return super.getSessionId(request, response);
        }
    }
}

6.控制器

package com.test.cbd.shiro;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.test.cbd.vo.UserInfo;
import io.swagger.annotations.Api;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.IncorrectCredentialsException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.LockedAccountException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.annotation.RequiresRoles;
import org.apache.shiro.crypto.hash.SimpleHash;
import org.apache.shiro.session.Session;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.apache.shiro.util.ByteSource;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.net.InetAddress;

@Slf4j
@Api(value="shiro测试",description="shiro测试")
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/")
public class ShiroLoginController {

    /**
     * 登录测试
     * @param userInfo
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/ajaxLogin", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    @ResponseBody
    public String ajaxLogin(UserInfo userInfo) {
        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
        UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(userInfo.getUserName(), userInfo.getPassword());
        Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
        try {
            subject.login(token);
            jsonObject.put("token", subject.getSession().getId());
            jsonObject.put("msg", "登录成功");
        } catch (IncorrectCredentialsException e) {
            jsonObject.put("msg", "密码错误");
        } catch (LockedAccountException e) {
            jsonObject.put("msg", "登录失败，该用户已被冻结");
        } catch (AuthenticationException e) {
            jsonObject.put("msg", "该用户不存在");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return jsonObject.toString();
    }

    /**
     * 鉴权测试
     * @param userInfo
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/check", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    @ResponseBody
    @RequiresRoles("guest")
    public String check() {
        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
        jsonObject.put("msg", "鉴权测试");
        return jsonObject.toString();
    }
}

常用注解
@RequiresGuest 代表无需认证即可访问，同理的就是 /path=anon

@RequiresAuthentication 需要认证，只要登录成功后就允许你操作

@RequiresPermissions 需要特定的权限，没有则抛出 AuthorizationException

@RequiresRoles 需要特定的橘色，没有则抛出 AuthorizationException

7.以上就是shiro登陆和鉴权的主要配置和类，下面补充一下其他信息。

①application.properties中shiro-redis相关配置：

spring.redis.shiro.host=127.0.0.1
spring.redis.shiro.port=6379
spring.redis.shiro.timeout=5000
spring.redis.shiro.password=123456

②因为数据是模拟的，所以在登陆认证的时候，并没有通过数据库查用户信息，可以通过以下方式模拟加密后的密码：

    /**
     * 生成测试用的md5加密的密码
     * @param args
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String hashAlgorithmName = "md5";
        String credentials = "123456";//密码
        int hashIterations = 1024;
        ByteSource credentialsSalt = ByteSource.Util.bytes("root");//账号
        String  obj = new SimpleHash(hashAlgorithmName, credentials, credentialsSalt, hashIterations).toHex();
        System.out.println(obj);
    }

上面obj的结果是b1ba853525d0f30afe59d2d005aad96c

③登陆认证的findByUsername方法，模拟到数据库查询用户信息，实际是自己构造的数据，偷偷懒。

    public UserInfo findByUsername(String userName){
        SysRole admin = SysRole.builder().role("admin").build();
        List<SysPermission> list=new ArrayList<SysPermission>();
        SysPermission sysPermission=new SysPermission("read");
        SysPermission sysPermission1=new SysPermission("write");
        list.add(sysPermission);
        list.add(sysPermission1);
        admin.setPermissions(list);
        UserInfo root = UserInfo.builder().userName("root").password("b1ba853525d0f30afe59d2d005aad96c").credentialsSalt("123").state(0).build();
        List<SysRole> roleList=new ArrayList<SysRole>();
        roleList.add(admin);
        root.setRoleList(roleList);
        return root;
    }

8.结果演示

输入正确的账号密码时，返回信息如下：

故意输错密码时，返回信息如下：

鉴权时，如果该用户没有角色：

shiro，基于springboot，基于前后端分离，从登录认证到鉴权，从入门到放弃